UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

Commission File Number: 001-33216

OCULUS INNOVATIVE SCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1129 N. McDowell Blvd.

Petaluma, California 94954

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(707) 283-0550

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data file required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No þ

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on September 30, 2014, was $20,116,830 based on a total of 8,560,353 shares of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates on September 30, 2014, at the closing price of $2.35 per share, as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market.

There were 15,046,080 shares of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding on June 11, 2015.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Items 10 (as to directors and Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance), 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III will incorporate by reference information from the registrant’s proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the registrant’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

This report includes “forward-looking statements.” The words “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “aim,” “seek,” “should,” “likely,” and similar expressions as they relate to us or our management are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. All statements by us regarding our expected financial position, revenues, cash flows and other operating results, business strategy, legal proceedings and similar matters are forward-looking statements. Our expectations expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements may not turn out to be correct. Our results could be materially different from our expectations because of various risks, including the risks discussed in this report under “Part I — Item 1A — Risk Factors.” Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date as of which such statement is made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances, including unanticipated events, after the date as of which such statement was made.

ITEM 1. Business

Corporate Information

We incorporated under the laws of the State of California in April 1999 as Micromed Laboratories, Inc. In August 2001, we changed our name to Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc. In December 2006, we reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 1129 N. McDowell Blvd., Petaluma, California, 94954, and our telephone number is (707) 283-0550. We have two principal wholly-owned subsidiaries: Oculus Technologies of Mexico, S.A. de C.V., organized in Mexico; and Oculus Innovative Sciences Netherlands, B.V., organized in the Netherlands. Our formerly wholly-owned subsidiary, Ruthigen, Inc., organized in Delaware, was deconsolidated on March 26, 2014 in connection with the completion of its initial public offering. Our fiscal year end is March 31. Our website is www.oculusis.com. We do not intend for information on our website to be incorporated into this annual report.

Our Business

We are a specialty device and pharmaceutical company that develops and markets solutions for the treatment of dermatological conditions and advanced tissue care in both humans and animals. Our products, which are sold throughout the United States and internationally, have improved patient outcomes for more than five million patients globally by reducing infections, itch, pain, scarring, odor and harmful inflammatory responses.

We initially built our business by developing and promoting products via partnerships. Our key proprietary technology, Microcyn®, is based on electrically charged oxychlorine small molecules designed to target a wide range of pathogens that cause disease. These pathogens include viruses, fungi, spores and bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or VRE, as well as Clostridium difficile, or C. diff, a highly contagious bacteria spread by human contact. Several Microcyn® Technology advanced tissue care products are designed to treat infections and enhance healing while reducing the need for antibiotics.

To date, we have obtained eleven clearances from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, that permit us to sell our Microcyn®-based products as medical devices for Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in the United States. However, we do not have the necessary regulatory approvals to market Microcyn® as a drug.

Our clinical trials from around the world suggest that our Microcyn® Technology helps reduce a wide range of pathogens while curing or improving infection. Our clinical studies suggest that our Microcyn® Technology is safe, easy to use and complementary to many existing treatment methods in dermatology and advanced tissue care. These clinical studies and usage of our products in the United States also suggest that our 510(k)-cleared products may shorten hospital stays, lower aggregate patient care costs and, in certain cases, reduce the need for systemic antibiotics.

Outside of the United Sates, we sell products for dermatological and advanced tissue care with a European Conformity marking (known as Conformité Européenne or CE) covering ten of our products, 14 approvals from the Mexican Ministry of Health, and various approvals in Central America, China, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.

In 2013 and 2014, we added new members to our Board of Directors, thus enhancing our expertise in sales, marketing, strategy and dermatology, and we hired new managers to complement our executive team. Our new team commenced a strategic realignment of our business with a sharp focus on dermatology markets. Our decision to focus on dermatology was based on our already strong presence in this market and the ability of our core hypochlorous acid-based technology, Microcyn®, to address other dermatological indications including acne, atopic dermatitis, anti-itch and scar management.

Building upon our commercialization experience selling our Microcyn® Technology-based products, we believe we can significantly increase our revenue growth by focusing on our own dermatology efforts. Key aspects of our dermatology growth strategy are set forth below:

Expand our Internal U.S. Sales Force: We recently hired and intend to hire an additional experienced dermatology management team and sales force, most of who are seasoned sales veterans that have established relationships with dermatologists in their territories. 

Develop and Launch New Dermatology Products: In October 2014, we launched two prescription dermatology products in the United States, an antipruritic gel and dermal spray. We also have a strong product pipeline, including our new product for treatment of scars that we intend to launch over the next 12 months. We have licensed several proprietary dermatology products from two European dermatology companies that we believe we can bring to market in the near term.

Create a Competitive Pricing Strategy: We have and will continue to develop a unique product pricing strategy, which we believe solves many of the challenges associated with the prescription dermatology market’s current pricing and rebate programs.

Develop a Pharmaceutical Line: We plan to acquire or develop pharmaceutical products with affordable clinical trials to increase our market presence and create innovator patent protection. 

Generate International Growth: In Europe, we received clearance for four new dermatology products during the year for acne, atopic dermatitis, scar reduction, three of which we launched in the fall of 2014 and spring of 2015 and we are in the process of contracting experienced, country-specific dermatology distributors to sell three products with these indications. We intend to launch a new product for post-laser procedures in the fall of 2015.

Our plan is to evolve into a leading dermatology and advanced tissue care company, providing innovative and cost-effective solutions to patients, while generating strong, consistent revenue growth and maximizing long-term shareholder value.

Microcyn® Technology Platform

Mechanism of Action

We believe Microcyn® Technology’s ability to reduce the need for antibiotics through prevention and treatment of infections, while promoting wound healing, is based on its uniquely engineered chemistry. As a result of our patented manufacturing process, Microcyn® is a proprietary solution of oxychlorine compounds that, among other things, interacts with and inactivate surface proteins on cell walls and membranes of microorganisms. The functions of these proteins are varied and play significant roles in cell communication, nutrient and waste transport and other required functions for cell viability. Once Microcyn® surrounds single cell microorganisms, it damages these proteins, causing the cell membrane to rupture, leading to cell death, which we believe is caused by increased membrane permeability and induced osmotic pressure imbalance. We continue to study the exact mechanisms by which protein and structural components of the bacterial cell walls and membranes, and the protein shell that surrounds a virus, are affected by Microcyn®. This destruction of the cell appears to occur through a fundamentally different process than that which occurs as a result of contact with a bleach-based solution because experiments have demonstrated that Microcyn® kills bleach-resistant bacteria. However, we believe the solution remains non-irritating to human tissues because human cells have unique protective mechanisms, are interlocked, and prevent Microcyn® from targeting and surrounding single cells topically on the body. Laboratory tests suggest that our solution does not penetrate and kill multi-cellular organisms, and does not damage or affect human DNA.

In laboratory tests, Microcyn® has been shown to destroy certain biofilms. A biofilm is a complex cluster of microorganisms or bacteria marked by the formation of a protective shell, allowing the bacteria to collect and proliferate. It is estimated that over 65% of microbial infections in the body involve bacteria growing as a biofilm. Bacteria living in a biofilm typically have significantly different properties from free-floating bacteria of the same species. One result of this film environment is increased resistance to antibiotics and to the body’s immune system. In chronic wounds, biofilms interfere with the normal healing process and halt or slow wound closure. Bacteria growing in biofilms can become up to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics and other biocides as compared to their planktonic, or free floating, counterparts. As a result, biofilm infections cannot be effectively treated with conventional antibiotic therapy.  In our laboratory studies, Microcyn® was shown to destroy two common biofilms after five minutes of exposure.

In published studies, Microcyn® has been shown to significantly increase the dilation of capillaries in wounds as indicated by higher levels of oxygen at a wound site after the application of our product and also to reduce inflammation by inhibiting certain inflammatory responses from allergy-producing mast cells. It is widely accepted that reducing chronic inflammation surrounding an injury or wound is beneficial to wound healing. Our laboratory research suggests that Microcyn®’s interference with these cells is selective to only the inflammatory response and does not interfere with other functions of these cells. Microcyn® Technology has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against numerous bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains, as evidenced by passing results in numerous standardized laboratory microbiology tests conducted on our 510(k) approved technology by a variety of certified independent testing laboratories.

Current Regulatory Approvals and Clearances

The following table summarizes our current regulatory approvals and clearances:

Clinical Trials

We have completed a proof-of-concept Phase II trial in the United States, which demonstrated the effectiveness of Microcyn® Technology in mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers with the primary endpoint of clinical cure and improvement of infection. We used 15 clinical sites and enrolled 48 evaluable patients in three arms, using Microcyn® alone, Microcyn® plus an oral antibiotic and saline plus an oral antibiotic. We announced the results of our Phase II trial in March 2008. In the clinically evaluable population of the study, the clinical success rate at visit four, or test of cure, for Microcyn®-alone-treated patients was 93.3% compared to 56.3% for the oral antibiotic levofloxacin plus saline-treated patients. This study was not statistically powered, but the high clinical success rate (93.3%) and the p-value (0.033) suggest the difference is meaningfully positive for the Microcyn®-treated patients. Also, for this set of data, the 95.0% confidence interval for the Microcyn®-only arm ranged from 80.7% to 100% while the 95.0% confidence interval for the oral antibiotic levofloxacin and saline arm ranged from 31.9% to 80.6%; the confidence intervals do not overlap, indicating a favorable clinical success for Microcyn® compared to the oral antibiotic levofloxacin. At visit 3 (end of treatment), the clinical success rate for patients treated with Microcyn®-alone was 77.8% compared to 61.1% for the oral antibiotic levofloxacin plus saline-treated patients. We have not done any subsequent clinical trials in the drug process for wound care.

Physician Clinical Studies

In addition to the Phase II trial mentioned above, several physicians and scientists have completed more than 40 clinical and scientific studies of Microcyn® Technology generating data suggesting that the technology is non-irritating to healthy tissue, reduces microbial load, accelerates wound healing, reduces pain, shortens treatment time and may have the potential to reduce costs to healthcare providers and patients. We have sponsored many of the physicians performing these studies by supplying Microcyn®-based products, unrestricted research grants, paying expenses or providing honoraria. In some cases, the physicians who performed these studies also hold, or held at one time, equity in our Company. The studies were performed in the United States, Europe, India, Pakistan, China and Mexico, and used various endpoints, methods and controls, for example, saline, antiseptics and antibiotics. These studies were not intended to be rigorously designed or controlled clinical trials and, as such, did not have all of the controls required for clinical trials used to support a new drug application submission to the FDA in that they did not necessarily include blinding, randomization, predefined clinical endpoints, use of placebo and active control groups or U.S. Good Clinical Practice requirements.

In many cases the physicians who led these studies have published articles on their studies and results. The following table lists publications and presentations at peer-reviewed meetings from physicians who have completed studies on the use of Microcyn® Technology for tissue care and wound irrigation.

In addition to the above articles and publications, several additional papers on the basic science of the technology and related clinical guidelines have been published or have been submitted for peer review and publication, including:

Products

The following table summarizes our main products by market:

Sales and Marketing

We generate revenue through established and scalable commercial operations, including manufacturing in Mexico and the United States, selling products in the United States through partners and our direct sales force and selling products internationally via strategic business partners.

In the United States, we sell into advanced wound care markets with our dedicated contract sales force, the dermatology markets through our IntraDerm™ Pharmaceuticals division staffed with a seasoned management and sales team and through our partner Quinnova. In the international markets, we work with partners, ranging from country specific distributors to a large pharmaceutical company to a full services sales and marketing company. The details of these efforts are further discussed in the following sections.

Our products are primarily purchased by hospitals, physicians, nurses, and other healthcare practitioners, who are the primary caregivers to patients, both human and animal, being treated for acute or chronic wounds or undergoing surgical procedures, as well as to dermatologists for treatment of various skin afflictions.

We currently make Microcyn®-based human dermatology and advanced tissue care products available, both as prescription and over-the-counter products, under our ten 510(k) clearances in the United States and our international approvals. In addition to our current product registration and approvals, we intend to pursue additional regulatory approvals for human applications in Europe, China, India, Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Mexico for additional Microcyn® -based products and plan to initiate commercialization upon obtaining such approvals.

For most of our corporate history, we licensed our Microcyn products to corporate partners, who in turn marketed our products to end users. In this model, the partner incurs all expenses related to their sales effort including sales and marketing personnel. We have learned that this partnership business model does not provide consistent growth in revenue for several reasons. Initially, the partner places the Microcyn products in a predominant position in their product portfolio. But once revenue growth slows, they re-designate our products as a lower priority offering. Additionally, the partnership model provides us with little control over the development and selection of pipeline products. Moreover, the partner can select a different or even competing technology or product as the high priority for their sales group.

In light of these issues, in the past year, we revised our corporate strategy to deploy a direct sales force to sell two of our products into our core markets, except where there are exclusivity agreements. At this time, our two core markets in the United States are dermatology and acute care, including advanced tissue care. For our non-core markets, we plan to continue identifying and recruiting partners to sell the Microcyn products into respective non-core markets such as animal care in the United States, and for distribution/sales in many countries outside the United States.

Dermatology

For most of our corporate history, we sold our dermatology products through partnership agreements. Although we have begun to develop our own dermatology business internally, we intend to continue with our dermatology partnership arrangements for certain products and territories. Our main partnership agreement is with Exeltis USA Dermatology, Inc. (formerly Quinnova Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a part of Chemo Group. Exeltis launched the Atrapro^TM family of products formulated from our Microcyn® Technology platform in late February 2012. Exeltis markets the following products: Atrapro™ Antipruritic Hydrogel, a non-oily, quick drying gel designed for the relief of pain, burning and itching associated with various dermatoses (pruritus), which may include the treatment of atopic dermatitis and radiation dermatitis; and Atrapro™ Dermal Spray with Preservatives, a non-cytotoxic, non-irritating, and non-sensitizing spray for the management and treatment of surgical procedures performed by dermatologists.

While we continue to allow Exeltis to sell the Atrapro™ products, we are building our own direct sales force, through our new IntraDerm™ Pharmaceuticals division, to sell new products, different than those products sold by Exeltis, including a prescription scar product approved by the FDA. We anticipate that these products will include over-the-counter and prescription products and will be based on both Microcyn® and non-Microcyn® technologies. We hired an experienced dermatology management team and sales force, most of who are seasoned sales veterans that have established relationships with dermatologists in their respective territories. In October 2014 and January 2015, we launched two prescription dermatology products in the United States, an antipruritic gel and a dermal spray, as well as a new product for the treatment of scars. We also have a strong product pipeline, including our new product for post-laser procedures that we intend to launch in the fall of 2015. We have licensed several proprietary dermatology products from two European dermatology companies that we believe we can bring to market in the near term.

Advanced Tissue Care

We launched sales of our Microcyn® Technology products in October 2008, and our initial sales were in the podiatry market in the United States. In the second quarter of 2009, we expanded our sales efforts to include wound care centers, hospitals, nursing homes, urgent care clinics and home healthcare, utilizing a contract sales organization to serve as our sales force.

In January 2014, Advocos LLC, a specialty U.S. contract sales organization, assumed the responsibility from Eloquest Healthcare for sales to acute care in hospitals in addition to sales to other entities for advanced tissue care. Advocos increased the number of sales people to focus on wound care centers.

In collaboration with Advocos LLC, we market a family of Microcyn® products for advanced tissue care. In January 2014, we announced the introduction of two new products into our advanced tissue care product line:

Currently, Advocos has a sales force of 15 people, selling into the acute care in hospitals with a focus on plastic surgeons and the high volume wound care centers.

Animal Healthcare

In April 2014, Innovacyn, our animal healthcare partner notified us that it intended to transition to a new supplier of animal care products. Because of Innovacyn’s failure to perform under the arrangements, we terminated the agreements effective December 15, 2014. Almost all of the Vetericyn product was transitioned to the new supplier by December 31, 2014. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, approximately 8% and 23%, respectively, of our total revenues were derived from our agreement with Innovacyn. During the years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded revenue related to these agreements in the amounts of $1,120,000 and $3,100,000, respectively.

On February 1, 2015, we entered into an agreement with SLA Brands, Inc. pursuant to which SLA will be our exclusive sales representative and distributor of pet specialty and equine products within the United States and Canada for pet and equine specialty retailers, catalogs and distributors. SLA will receive a commission on pet and equine for each sale of our products. The agreement is effective through February 1, 2016, and will continue year to year until terminated by either party with 60 calendar days’ notice. In order to maintain exclusivity, SLA agreed to minimum sales requirements. SLA also agreed not to represent any competing products.

International Sales and Marketing by Our Strategic Business Partners

Europe

We currently rely on exclusive agreements with country-specific distributors for the sale of Microcyn®-based products in Europe, including Austria, Belgium, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Spain, Norway, Switzerland, Poland, Finland, Denmark and Serbia.

Mexico

On August 9, 2012, we, along with our Mexican subsidiary and manufacturer Oculus Technologies of Mexico S.A. de C.V., entered into a license, exclusive distribution and supply agreement with More Pharma Corporation, S. de R.L. de C.V. For a one-time payment of $500,000, we granted More Pharma an exclusive license, with the right to sublicense, under certain conditions and with our consent, to all of our proprietary rights related to certain of our pharmaceutical products for human application that utilize our Microcyn® technology within Mexico. For an additional one-time payment of $3,000,000, we also agreed to appoint More Pharma as the exclusive distributor of certain of our products in Mexico for the term of the agreement. Additionally, we granted More Pharma an exclusive license to certain of our then-held trademarks in exchange for a payment of $100,000. The term of the agreement is twenty-five years from the effective date of August 15, 2012. The term of the license agreement will automatically renew after the twenty-five year term for successive two year terms, as long as More Pharma has materially complied with any and all of the obligations under the license agreement, including but not limited to, meeting the minimum purchase requirements set forth therein. On January 6, 2015, More Pharma notified us that it had been acquired by Laboratorios Sanfer S.A. de C.V. Laboratorios Sanfer is one of the largest independent pharmaceutical companies in Mexico, operating in nine countries across Latin America. Laboratorios Sanfer manufactures, markets and sells prescription and over the counter branded medications across five therapeutic areas including gastroenterology, cardiology, anti-infective and dermatology. All terms and conditions of our license, exclusive distribution and supply agreement with More Pharma will transfer to Laboratorios Sanfer and will remain in effect. We can give no assurance as to the timing or impact the acquisition will have on our operating results.

“Rest of World”

Through our partner Laboratorios Sanfer, we market and sell certain of our products within the following countries: Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba & Curacao, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Bonaire, Brazil, British Guyana, British Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guyana, Grenada, Guadalupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Bartolome, St. Vincent & Grenades, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Turks & Caicos Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela and Virgin Islands.

Throughout the rest of the world, we use strategic partners and distributors for the sale of Microcyn®-based products, including Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, the People’s Republic of China, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Dubai, Kuwait, Iraq, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia.

Contract Testing

We also operate a microbiology contract testing laboratory division that provides consulting and laboratory services to medical companies that design and manufacture biomedical devices and drugs, as well as testing of our products and potential products. Our testing laboratory complies with U.S. Current Good Manufacturing Practices and Quality Systems Regulations.

Manufacturing and Packaging

We manufacture Microcyn® through a proprietary electrolysis process within a multi-chamber system. We are able to control the passage of ions through proprietary membranes, yielding electrolyzed water with only trace amounts of chlorine. This process is fundamentally different from the processes for manufacturing hydrogen peroxide and bleach and, we believe, is the basis for our technology’s effectiveness and safety. Our manufacturing process produces very little waste, and any remainder is disposed of as water after a simple non-toxic chemical treatment.

We manufacture our products at our facilities in Petaluma, California and Zapopan, Mexico.  We have developed an automated manufacturing process and conduct quality assurance testing on each production batch in accordance with current U.S., Mexican and international Current Good Manufacturing Practices. Our facilities are required to meet and maintain regulatory standards applicable to the manufacture of pharmaceutical and medical device products. Our United States facilities are certified and comply with U.S. Current Good Manufacturing Practices, Quality Systems Regulations for medical devices, and International Organization for Standardization, or ISO, guidelines. Our Mexico facility has been approved by the Ministry of Health and is also ISO certified.

Our machines are subjected to a series of tests, which is part of a validation protocol mandated by U.S., Mexican and international Current Good Manufacturing Practices, Quality Systems Regulation, and ISO requirements. This validation is designed to ensure that the final product is consistently manufactured in accordance with product specifications at all manufacturing sites. Certain materials and components used in manufacturing our machines are proprietary to us.

We believe we have a sufficient number of machines to produce an adequate amount of Microcyn® to meet anticipated future requirements for at least the next two years. As we expand into new geographic markets, we may establish additional manufacturing facilities to better serve those new markets.

Ruthigen

Our formerly wholly-owned subsidiary, Ruthigen, Inc., was incorporated in the State of Nevada on January 18, 2013, and reincorporated from Nevada to Delaware on September 25, 2013. Ruthigen consummated its IPO on March 26, 2014. As a result of the IPO, we owned a minority interest in Ruthigen.

On January 8, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase agreement in which we agreed to sell our shares in Ruthigen to two accredited investors for an aggregate purchase price of $5.5 million upon the occurrence of a trigger event during a standstill period of 60 calendar days. The securities purchase agreement lapsed according to its terms. On March 13, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase follow-up agreement under which we reduced the number of Ruthigen shares to be sold to the investors mentioned above to 1,650,000 at a price of $2.75 per share, provided that 50,000 shares may be sold to another investor prior to closing, and extended the expiration date of the standstill period to March 13, 2015. The aggregate purchase price of the sale will be $4,537,500. This sale has been triggered by Ruthigen’s announcement of its merger with Pulmatrix, Inc. on March 13, 2015, as further discussed below. The sale is expected to close at the time of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger and prior to August 13, 2015, except that such date may be extended for up to 60 calendar days at our sole discretion. If the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger does not close by August 13, 2015 or the extended date, there will be no obligation to purchase the shares. If we sell the 50,000 shares prior to August 13, 2015, as may be extended, we must retain the voting rights for 50,000 shares until and through the closing of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger. If the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger does not close on or prior to September 30, 2015, the 50,000 shares will become fully tradeable and full voting rights will transfer to the buyers.

On March 13, 2015, we also entered into a securities purchase agreement with several investors, under which we sold the remaining 350,000 Ruthigen shares at a purchase price of $2.75 per share, or an aggregate of $962,500 for all of the 350,000 Ruthigen shares. We agreed to retain the voting rights of the 350,000 Ruthigen shares until and through the closing of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger. If the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger does not close on or prior to September 30, 2015, the shares will become fully tradeable and full voting rights will transfer to the buyers.

We entered into a license and supply agreement with Ruthigen on May 23, 2013, which was subsequently amended on October 9, 2013, November 6, 2013, January 31, 2014 and March 13, 2015, or the License and Supply Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the License and Supply Agreement, we agreed to an exclusive license of certain of our proprietary technology to Ruthigen in order to enable Ruthigen’s research and development and commercialization of the newly discovered RUT58-60, and any improvements to it, in the United States, Canada, European Union and Japan, referred to as the Territory, for certain invasive procedures in humans as defined in the License and Supply Agreement.

On March 13, 2015, we entered into an agreement with Pulmatrix, Inc., a Delaware corporation that has announced its intention to merge with Ruthigen, under which we agreed to (i) waive Ruthigen’s obligation to develop and commercialize the Ruthigen products pursuant to the License and Supply Agreement between us and Ruthigen, until the earlier of August 31, 2016 or one year after the effective date of the Ruthigen merger, and (ii) mutually terminate the shared services agreement, dated May 23, 2013, as amended on January 31, 2014, between Ruthigen and us. Pulmatrix agreed to grant us a right of first refusal, in case of a sale of the pre-merger Ruthigen business on the same terms as a potential acquiror. If we do not exercise our right of first refusal and the aggregate gross consideration received by Ruthigen from a sale of the business exceeds $10 million, then Ruthigen shall pay or cause to be paid 10% of such gross consideration to us within 10 calendar days of receipt.

Intellectual Property

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our product technology and know-how, to operate without infringing proprietary rights of others, and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights. We seek to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing, when possible, U.S. and foreign patent applications relating to our technology, inventions and improvements that are important to our business. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovation, and in-licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our proprietary position.

As of May 29, 2015, we own a total of 43 issued patents, consisting of eight issued U.S. patents and 35 issued foreign patents. We also have 83 pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. Two U.S. applications are directed to chlorogenic acid. The remaining patent applications as well as the issued patents are directed at our Microcyn® Technology. The issued U.S. and foreign patents expire in 2022-2027.

In addition to our own patents and applications, we have licensed technology developed in Japan relating to an electrolyzed water solution, methods of manufacture and electrolytic cell designs. This license includes eight issued Japanese patents.

Although we work diligently to protect our technology, we can make no assurances that any patent will be issued from our currently pending patent applications or from future patent applications. The scope of any patent protection may not exclude competitors or provide competitive advantages to us, and any of our patents may not be held valid if subsequently challenged, and others may claim rights in or ownership of our patents and proprietary rights. Furthermore, others may develop products similar to our products and may duplicate any of our products or design around our patents.

We have also filed for trademark protection for marks used with our Microcyn® products in each of the following countries: United States, Europe, Canada, certain countries in Central and South America, including Mexico and Brazil, certain countries in the Middle East and certain countries in Asia, including Japan, China, Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, India and Australia. In addition to patents and trademarks, we rely on trade secret and other intellectual property laws, nondisclosure agreements and other measures to protect our intellectual property rights. We believe that in order to have a competitive advantage, we must develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our technologies. We require our employees, consultants and advisors to execute confidentiality agreements in connection with their employment, consulting or advisory relationship with us. We also require our employees, consultants and advisors with whom we expect to work on our products to agree to disclose and assign to us all inventions made in the course of our working relationship with them, while using our property or which relate to our business. Despite any measures taken to protect our intellectual property, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to wrongfully obtain or use information that we regard as proprietary.

Competition

Dermatology

The dermatology market is highly competitive. Our dermatology products face competition in the United States from several prescription products, including Novartis’ Elidel® Cream, a prescription medicine used topically on the skin to treat eczema, which is also called atopic dermatitis, and Astellas’ Protopic®, a prescription ointment used to treat moderate to severe eczema. In addition, corticosteroids are commonly used to treat inflammation and itch on atopic dermatitis patients as the standard of care. Many doctors and patients will tend to use steroids for a limited time period to manage flare-ups due to their side effects. Since atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease, a safe product such as Alevicyn, which reduces the itching, can be used as a maintenance product.

Advanced Tissue Care Markets

Competition in the markets for advanced tissue care is intense. We compete with a number of large, well-established and well-funded companies that sell a broad range of wound and tissue care products, including topical anti-infectives and antibiotics, as well as some advanced wound technologies, such as skin substitutes, growth factors and sophisticated delayed release silver-based dressings. We believe the principal competitive factors in our target market are related to improved patient outcomes, such as shortened time in the hospital, accelerated healing time, lack of adverse events, safety of products, ease-of-use, stability, pathogen, or disease causing micro-organism, killing and cost effectiveness.

Our products compete with a variety of products used for wound cleaning, debriding and moistening, including sterile saline and chlorhexidine-based products. They also compete with a large number of prescription and over-the-counter products for the prevention and treatment of infections, including topical anti-infectives, such as Betadine, silver sulfadiazine, hydrogen peroxide, Dakin’s solution and hypochlorous acid, and topical antibiotics, such as Neosporin, Mupirocin and Bacitracin. Currently, no single anti-infective product dominates the chronic or acute wound markets because many of the products have serious limitations or tend to inhibit the wound healing process.

Our products can replace the use of saline for debriding and moistening a dressing and can be used as a complementary product with many advanced tissue care technologies, such as the Vacuum-Assisted Closure, or V.A.C. Therapy System from Kinetic Concepts Inc., skin substitute products from Smith & Nephew, Advanced BioHealing, now called Shire Regenerative Medicine, Integra Life Sciences, Life Cell, Organogenesis and Ortec International, and ultrasound products from Celleration. We believe that Microcyn® Technology can enhance the effectiveness of many of these advanced tissue care technologies. Because Microcyn® is competitive with some of the large wound care companies’ products and complementary to others, we may compete with such companies in some product lines and complement such companies in other product lines.

Animal Healthcare

According to the Freedonia Group, an international industry market research firm, the demand for animal health products in the United States is forecast to increase 3.9% annually to $12.7 billion in 2016. Animal healthcare is a relatively recession-resistant industry as it is regarded as a necessary expense of animal ownership or husbandry. Furthermore, as pet owners increasingly treat their companion animals as members of the family, pets’ lifespans will continue to lengthen, driving strong sales of health products. The distribution and manufacture of animal health products is highly competitive. We compete with numerous vendors and distributors based on customer relationships, service and delivery, product selection, price and e-commerce capabilities. Manufacturers have also invested heavily in the animal health industry by developing direct sales capabilities, which has intensified competition. Most of our competitive products are available from several sources, including other distributors and vendors, and our customers tend to have relationships with several suppliers. In addition, our competitors could obtain exclusive rights to distribute certain products, eliminating our ability to distribute those products to our customers. Consolidation in the animal healthcare distribution business could result in existing competitors increasing their market share, which could give them greater pricing power, decrease our revenues and profitability, and increase the competition for customers. Our primary competitors in the United States include the following:

The role of the animal health product distributor has changed dramatically during the last decade. Successful distributors are increasingly providing value-added services in addition to the products they have traditionally provided. We believe that to remain competitive we must continue to add value to the distribution channel, while removing unnecessary costs associated with product movement.

Factors Affecting Our Competitive Position

While many companies are able to produce oxychlorine formulations, their products, unlike ours, typically become unstable after a relatively short period of time or use very large ranges of effectiveness to improve their shelf lives. We believe Microcyn® Technology is a stable anti-infective therapeutic available, or soon to be available, throughout many parts of the world that treats infection while also enhancing wound healing through increased blood flow to the wound bed and reduction of inflammation.

Some of our competitors in the dermatology, advanced tissue care markets and animal healthcare enjoy several competitive advantages, including:

Government Regulation

Government authorities in the United States at the federal, state and local levels and foreign countries extensively regulate, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising, distribution, sampling, marketing, and import and export of pharmaceutical products, biologics and medical devices. All of our products in development will require regulatory approval or clearance by government agencies prior to commercialization. In particular, human therapeutic products are subject to rigorous pre-clinical and clinical trials and other approval procedures of the FDA and similar regulatory authorities in foreign countries. Various federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations also govern testing, manufacturing, safety, labeling, storage, distribution and record-keeping related to such products and their marketing. The process of obtaining these approvals and clearances, and the subsequent process of maintaining substantial compliance with appropriate federal, state, local, and foreign statutes and regulations, require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. In addition, statutes, rules, regulations and policies may change and new legislation or regulations may be issued that could delay such approvals.

Medical Device Regulation

To date, Microcyn® has received ten 510(k) clearances for use as a medical device in wound care management, such as cleaning, debridement, lubricating, moistening and dressing, including for acute and chronic wounds, and in dermatology applications. Any future product candidates or new applications using Microcyn® that are classified as medical devices will require clearance by the FDA.

Medical devices, such as Microcyn® Wound Care, are subject to FDA clearance and extensive regulation under the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act. Under the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, medical devices are classified into one of three classes: Class I, Class II or Class III. The classification of a device into one of these three classes generally depends on the degree of risk associated with the medical device and the extent of control needed to ensure safety and effectiveness. Devices may also be designated unclassified. Unclassified devices are legally marketed pre-amendment devices for which a classification regulation has yet to be finalized and for which a pre-market approval is not required.

Class I devices are devices for which safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to a set of general controls. These general controls include compliance with the applicable portions of the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, which sets forth good manufacturing practice requirements; facility registration, device listing and product reporting of adverse medical events; truthful and non-misleading labeling; and promotion of the device only for its cleared or approved intended uses. Class II devices are also subject to these general controls, and any other special controls as deemed necessary by the FDA to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device. Review and clearance by the FDA for these devices is typically accomplished through the 510(k) pre-market notification procedure. When 510(k) clearance is sought, a sponsor must submit a pre-market notification demonstrating that the proposed device is substantially equivalent to a legally marketed device. If the FDA agrees that the proposed device is substantially equivalent to the predicate device, then 510(k) clearance to market will be granted. After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, requires a new 510(k) clearance or could require a pre-market approval.

Clinical trials are almost always required to support a pre-market approval application and are sometimes required for a 510(k) pre-market notification. These trials generally require submission of an application for an investigational device exemption. An investigational device exemption must be supported by pre-clinical data, such as animal and laboratory testing results, which show that the device is safe to test in humans and that the study protocols are scientifically sound. The FDA must approve an investigational device exemption, in advance, for a specified number of patients, unless the product is deemed a non-significant risk device and is eligible for more abbreviated investigational device exemption requirements.

Both before and after a medical device is commercially distributed, manufacturers and marketers of the device have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations. The FDA reviews design and manufacturing practices, labeling and record keeping, and manufacturers’ required reports of adverse experiences and other information to identify potential problems with marketed medical devices. Device manufacturers are subject to periodic and unannounced inspection by the FDA for compliance with the Quality System Regulation, which sets forth the Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements that govern the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the design, manufacture, packaging, servicing, labeling, storage, installation and distribution of all finished medical devices intended for human use.

FDA regulations prohibit the advertising and promotion of a medical device for any use outside the scope of a 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval or for unsupported safety or effectiveness claims. Although the FDA does not regulate physicians’ practice of medicine, the FDA does regulate manufacturer communications with respect to off-label use.

If the FDA finds that a manufacturer has failed to comply with FDA laws and regulations or that a medical device is ineffective or poses an unreasonable health risk, it can institute or seek a wide variety of enforcement actions and remedies, ranging from a public warning letter to more severe actions such as:

The FDA also has the authority to require a company to repair, replace, or refund the cost of any medical device.

The FDA also administers certain controls over the export of medical devices from the United States, as international sales of medical devices that have not received FDA clearance are subject to FDA export requirements. Additionally, each foreign country subjects such medical devices to its own regulatory requirements. In the European Union, there is a single regulatory approval process and approval is represented by the presence of a CE Mark.

Other Regulation in the United States

The Physician Payments Sunshine Act

The Physician Payments Sunshine Act signed into law in 2010 as part of the Affordable Care Act requires manufacturers of medical devices, drugs, biologicals, and medical supplies to track and report certain payments made to and transfers of value provided to physicians and teaching hospitals as well as to report certain ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. These manufacturers must report annually to the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services any direct or indirect payments and transfers of value of $10 or more, or annual aggregate of $100 or more, made to physicians or to a third party at the request of or on behalf of a physician, including dentists. Payment includes: consulting fees, compensation for services other than consulting, honoraria, gifts, entertainment, food, travel (including the specified destinations), education, research, charitable contribution, royalty or license, current or prospective ownership or investment interest, direct compensation for serving as faculty or as a speaker for a medical education program, grants, any other nature of the payment, or other transfer of value. Manufacturers face monetary penalties for non-compliance. Certain payments related to research must be reported separately. Product samples intended for patient use need not be reported.

Health Care Coverage and Reimbursement by Third-Party Payors

Commercial success in marketing and selling our products depends, in part, on the availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party health care payors, such as government and private health insurers and managed care organizations. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the pricing of medical products and services. Government and private sector initiatives to limit the growth of health care costs, including price regulation, competitive pricing, and managed-care arrangements, are continuing in many countries where we do business, including the United States. These changes are causing the marketplace to be more cost-conscious and focused on the delivery of more cost-effective medical products. Government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, private health care insurance companies, and managed-care plans control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular procedures or treatments. This has created an increasing level of price sensitivity among customers for our products. Some third-party payors also require that a favorable coverage determination be made for new or innovative medical devices or therapies before they will provide reimbursement of those medical devices or therapies. Even though a new medical product may have been cleared or approved for commercial distribution, we may find limited demand for the product until adequate coverage and reimbursement have been obtained from governmental and other third-party payors.

Fraud and Abuse Laws

In the United States, we are subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, which, among other things, prohibit the offer or acceptance of remuneration intended to induce or in exchange for the purchase of products or services reimbursed under a federal healthcare program and the submission of false or fraudulent claims with the government. These laws include the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the False Claims Act and comparable state laws. These laws regulate the activities of entities involved in the healthcare industry, such as us, by limiting the kinds of financial arrangements such entities may have with healthcare providers who use or recommend the use of medical products, including, for example, sales and marketing programs, advisory boards and research and educational grants. In addition, in order to ensure that healthcare entities comply with healthcare laws, the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that healthcare entities institute effective compliance programs. To assist in the development of effective compliance programs, the Office of Inspector General has issued model Compliance Program Guidance, materials for a variety of healthcare entities which, among other things, identify practices to avoid that may implicate the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and other relevant laws and describes elements of an effective compliance program. While compliance with the Compliance Program Guidance materials is voluntary, a California law requires pharmaceutical and devices manufacturers to initiate compliance programs that incorporate the Compliance Program Guidance and the July 2002 Pharmaceuticals Research and Manufacturers of America Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals.

Due to the scope and breadth of the provisions of some of these laws, it is possible that some of our practices might be challenged by the government under one or more of these laws in the future. Violations of these laws, which are discussed more fully below, can lead to civil and criminal penalties, damages, imprisonment, fines, exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. Any such violations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Anti-Kickback Laws. Our operations are subject to federal and state anti-kickback laws. The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration directly or indirectly to induce either the referral of an individual for a good or service reimbursed under a federal healthcare program, or the furnishing, recommending, or arranging of a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program, such as Medicare or Medicaid. The definition of “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including such items as gifts, discounts, the furnishing of supplies or equipment, waiver of co-payments, and providing anything at less than its fair market value. Because the Anti-Kickback Statute makes illegal a wide variety of common, even beneficial, business arrangements, the Office of Inspector General was tasked with issuing regulations, commonly known as “safe harbors,” that describe arrangements where the risk of illegal remuneration is minimal. As long as all of the requirements of a particular safe harbor are strictly met, the entity engaging in that activity will not be prosecuted under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute. The failure of a transaction or arrangement to fit precisely within one or more safe harbors does not necessarily mean that it is illegal or that prosecution will be pursued. However, business arrangements that do not fully satisfy an applicable safe harbor may result in increased scrutiny by government enforcement authorities, such as the Office of Inspector General. Our agreements to pay compensation to our advisory board members and physicians who provide other services for us may be subject to challenge to the extent they do not fall within relevant safe harbors under state and federal anti-kickback laws. In addition, many states have adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which apply to the referral of patients for health care services reimbursed by Medicaid, and some have adopted such laws with respect to private insurance. Violations of the Anti-Kickback Statute are subject to significant fines and penalties and may lead to a company being excluded from participating in federal health care programs.

False Claims Laws. The federal False Claims Act prohibits knowingly filing a false claim, knowingly causing the filing of a false claim, or knowingly using false statements to obtain payment from the federal government. Under the False Claims Act, such suits are known as “qui tam” actions. Individuals may file suit on behalf of the government and share in any amounts received by the government pursuant to a settlement. In addition, certain states have enacted laws modeled after the federal False Claims Act under the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, where the federal government created financial incentives for states to enact false claims laws consistent with the federal False Claims Act. As more states enact such laws, we expect the number of qui tam lawsuits to increase. Qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to have to defend false claims actions, pay fines or be excluded from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state government healthcare programs as a result of investigations arising out of such actions.

HIPAA. Two federal crimes were created under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA: healthcare fraud and false statements relating to healthcare matters. The healthcare fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private payors. The false statements statute prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services.

Health Information Privacy and Security.

Individually, identifiable health information is subject to an array of federal and state regulation. Federal rules promulgated pursuant to HIPAA regulate the use and disclosure of health information by “covered entities.” Covered entities include individual and institutional health care providers from which we may receive individually identifiable health information. These regulations govern, among other things, the use and disclosure of health information for research purposes, and require the covered entity to obtain the written authorization of the individual before using or disclosing health information for research. Failure of the covered entity to obtain such authorization could subject the covered entity to civil and criminal penalties. We may experience delays and complex negotiations as we deal with each entity’s differing interpretation of the regulations and what is required for compliance. Also, where our customers or contractors are covered entities, including hospitals, universities, physicians or clinics, we may be required by the HIPAA regulations to enter into “business associate” agreements that subject us to certain privacy and security requirements. In addition, many states have laws that apply to the use and disclosure of health information, and these laws could also affect the manner in which we conduct our research and other aspects of our business. Such state laws are not preempted by the federal privacy law when such laws afford greater privacy protection to the individual than the federal law. While activities to assure compliance with health information privacy laws are a routine business practice, we are unable to predict the extent to which our resources may be diverted in the event of an investigation or enforcement action with respect to such laws.

Foreign Regulation

Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain approval of a product by the applicable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement also vary greatly from country to country. Although governed by the applicable country, clinical trials conducted outside of the United States typically are administered under a three-phase sequential process similar to that discussed above for medical devices.

European Union Regulation

Medical Device Regulation. Our products are classified as medical devices in the European Union. In order to sell our medical device products within the European Union, we are required to comply with the requirements of the Medical Devices Directive, and its national implementations, including affixing CE markings on our products. The CE marking indicates a product’s compliance with EU legislation and so enables the sale of products throughout the European Economic Area (EEA, the 28 Member States of the EU and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein). In order to comply with the Medical Devices Directive, we must meet certain requirements relating to the safety and performance of our products and, prior to marketing our products, we must successfully undergo verification of our products’ regulatory compliance, or conformity assessment.

Medical devices are divided into three regulatory classes: Class I, Class IIB and Class III. The nature of the conformity assessment procedures depends on the regulatory class of the product. In order to comply with the examination, we completed, among other things, a risk analysis and presented clinical data, which demonstrated that our products met the performance specifications claimed by us, provided sufficient evidence of adequate assessment of unwanted side effects and demonstrated that the benefits to the patient outweigh the risks associated with the device. We are subject to continued supervision and are required to report any serious adverse incidents to the appropriate authorities. We are also required to comply with additional national requirements that are beyond the scope of the Medical Devices Directive.

We received a CE certificate for ten of our Class IIB medical devices, which allows us to affix CE markings on these products and sell them in Europe. The CE certificate is valid through December 2018. Currently, the European Commission and the European Parliament are discussing changes to the Medical Devices Directive which could include stricter requirements for obtaining CE markings or continued compliance. We may not be able to maintain the requirements established for CE markings for any or all of our products or be able to produce these products in a timely and profitable manner while complying with the requirements of the Medical Devices Directive and other regulatory requirements. 

Marketing Authorizations for Drugs. In order to obtain marketing approval of any of our drug products in Europe, we must submit for review an application similar to a U.S. new drug application to the relevant authority. In contrast to the United States, where the FDA is the only authority that administers and approves new drug applications, in Europe there are multiple authorities that administer and approve these applications. Marketing Authorizations in Europe expire after five years but may be renewed.

We believe that any drug candidate will be reviewed by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, on behalf of the European Medicines Agency. Based upon the review of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, the European Medicines Agency provides an opinion to the European Commission on the safety, quality and efficacy of the drug. The decision to grant or refuse an authorization is made by the European Commission.

Approval of Marketing Applications can take several months to several years, or may be denied. This approval process can be affected by many of the same factors relating to safety, quality and efficacy as in the approval process for new drug applications in the United States. As in the United States, European drug regulatory authorities can require us to perform additional non-clinical studies and clinical trials. The need for such studies or trials, if imposed, may delay marketing approval and involve unanticipated costs. Inspection of clinical investigation sites by a competent authority may also be required as part of the regulatory approval procedure. In addition, as a condition of marketing approval, regulatory agencies in Europe may require post-marketing surveillance to monitor for adverse effects, or other additional studies may be required as deemed appropriate. The terms of any approval, including labeling content, may be more restrictive than expected and could affect the marketability of a product. In addition, after approval for the initial indication, further clinical studies are usually necessary to gain approval for any additional indications.

European Good Manufacturing Process. In the European Union, the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and clinical trial supplies is subject to good manufacturing practice as set forth in the relevant laws and guidelines. Compliance with good manufacturing practice is generally assessed by the competent regulatory authorities. They may conduct inspections of relevant facilities, and review manufacturing procedures, operating systems and personnel qualifications. In addition to obtaining approval for each product, in many cases each drug manufacturing facility must be approved. Further inspections may occur over the life of the product.

Mexican Regulation

The Ministry of Health is the authority in charge of sanitary controls in Mexico. Sanitary controls are a group of practices related to the orientation, education, testing, verification and application of security measures and sanctions exercised by the Ministry of Health. The Ministry of Health acts by virtue of the Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risks, or COFEPRIS, a decentralized entity of the Ministry of Health whose mission is to protect the population against sanitary risks, by means of centralized sanitary regulations, controls and by raising public awareness.

The Ministry of Health is responsible for the issuance of Official Mexican Standards and specifications for drugs subject to the provisions of the General Health Law, which govern the process and specifications of drugs, including the obtaining, preparing, manufacturing, maintaining, mixing, conditioning, packaging, handling, transporting, distributing, storing and supplying of products to the public at large. In addition, a medical device is defined as a device that may contain antiseptics or germicides used in surgical practice or in the treatment of continuity solutions, skin injuries or its attachments.

Regulations applicable to medical devices and drugs are divided into two sections: the business that manufactures the medical device or drug and the product itself.

Manufacturing a Medical Device or Drug. Under the General Health Law, a business that manufactures drugs is either required to obtain a “Sanitary Authorization” or to file an “Operating Notice.” Our Mexico subsidiary, Oculus Technologies of Mexico, S.A. de C.V., is considered a business that manufactures medical devices and therefore is not subject to a Sanitary Authorization, but rather only to file an Operating Notice.

In addition to its Operating Notice, our Mexico subsidiary has obtained a “Good Processing Practices Certificate” issued by Mexican Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risks, which demonstrates that the manufacturing of Microcyn® at the facility located in Zapopan, Mexico, operates in accordance with the applicable official standards.

Commercialization of Drugs and Medical Devices. Drugs and medical devices should be commercialized in appropriate packaging containing labels printed in accordance with specific official standards. For medical devices, there are no specific standards or regulations related to the labeling of the product, but rather only a general standard related to the labeling for all types of products to be commercialized in Mexico. Advertising of medical devices is regulated in the General Health Law and in the specific regulations of the General Health Law related to advertising. Generally, the advertising of medical devices is subject to a permit only in the case that such advertising is directed to the general public.

Medical Devices and Drugs as a Product. To produce, sell or distribute medical devices, a Sanitary Registry is required in accordance with the General Health Law and the Regulation for Drugs. Such registry is granted for a term of five years, and this term may be extended. The Sanitary Registry may be revoked if the interested party does not request the extension in the term or the product or the manufacturer or the raw material is changed without the permission of the Ministry of Health.

The Ministry of Health classifies the medical devices in three classes:

Currently, we have ten approvals from the Mexican Ministry of Health to market and distribute our products in Mexico.

Violation of these regulations may result in the revocation of the registrations or approvals, and economic fines. In some cases, such violations may constitute criminal actions.

In addition, regulatory approval of prices is required in most countries other than the United States, which could result in lengthy negotiations delaying our ability to commercialize our products. We face the risk that the prices which result from the regulatory approval process would be insufficient to generate an acceptable return.

Research and Development

Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel expenses, clinical and regulatory services and supplies. For the years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, research and development expense amounted to $1,533,000 and $2,887,000, respectively. None of these expenses were borne by our customers.

Significant Customers

We rely on certain key customers for a significant portion of our revenues. At March 31, 2015, we had net accounts receivable of $1,517,000. Additionally, at March 31, 2015, More Pharma, acquired by Laboratorios Sanfer, represented 56% and Dyamed represented 14% of the net accounts receivable balance. At March 31, 2014, More Pharma represented 44%, Exeltis represented 15%, and Innovacyn represented 12% of the net accounts receivable balance. During the year ended March 31, 2015, Innovacyn represented 8% and More Pharma combined with Laboratorios Sanfer represented 47%, respectively, of net revenues. During the year ended March 31, 2014, More Pharma represented 38%, and Innovacyn represented 23%, respectively, of net revenues.

In April 2014, Innovacyn notified us that it intended to transition to a new supplier of animal care products. Because of Innovacyn’s failure to perform under the arrangements, we terminated the agreements effective December 15, 2014. Most of their animal care product was transitioned to the new supplier. As part of our search for new animal healthcare partners, on February 1, 2015, we entered into a sales representation agreement with SLA Brands, Inc. pursuant to which SLA will be our exclusive sales representative and distributor of pet specialty and equine products within the United States and Canada for pet and equine specialty retailers, catalogs and distributors. We can give no assurances that this partnership will be able replace our revenues to the same levels as we had with Innovacyn.

Our Employees

As of March 31, 2015, we employed a total of 35 employees in the United States and the Netherlands, 34 of which were full-time. Additionally, we had 97 employees in Mexico, all of which were contracted through an employment agency. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements. We believe our relations with our employees are good.

Available Information

Our website is located at www.oculusis.com. We make available on our website, free of charge, copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this annual report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business

We have a history of losses, we expect to continue to incur losses and we may never achieve profitability and our March 31, 2015 audited consolidated financial statements included disclosure that casts substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.

We reported a net loss of $8,203,000 and a loss from operations of $6,659,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015. We reported net income of $3,735,000 and a loss from operations of $6,051,000 for the year ended March 31, 2014. At March 31, 2015 and 2014, our accumulated deficit amounted to $142,213,000 and $134,010,000, respectively. We had working capital of $7,066,000 and $1,970,000 as of March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2015, net cash used in operating activities amounted to $6,694,000. We expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or sustain profitability. We must raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives, penetrate markets for the sale of our products and continue as a going concern. We cannot provide any assurance that we will raise additional capital. We believe that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means. We may not raise enough capital in this offering to meet our needs and we may have to raise additional capital in the future. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in our efforts to further commercialize our products, which are critical to the realization of our business plan and to our future operations. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern or become profitable.

If we are unable to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements as set forth in The NASDAQ Listing Rules, our common stock and trading warrants could be delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market, and if this were to occur, then the price and liquidity of our common stock and trading warrants, and our ability to raise additional capital, may be adversely affected.

Our common stock and trading warrants are currently listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market. Continued listing of a security on The NASDAQ Capital Market is conditioned upon compliance with certain continued listing requirements and continued listing standards set forth in the NASDAQ Listing Rules for NASDAQ Capital Market companies. There can be no assurance we will continue to satisfy the requirements for maintaining a NASDAQ Capital Market listing.

If we are not able to maintain compliance with the continued listing standards as set forth in the NASDAQ Listing Rules for NASDAQ Capital Market companies, our common stock and warrants will likely be delisted from The NASDAQ Capital Market and an associated decrease in liquidity in the market for our common stock and warrants may occur. On March 6, 2015, we received a letter from the listing qualifications staff of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, notifying us that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, we failed to comply with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), which requires us to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for our common stock. In accordance with Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), NASDAQ granted us a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until September 2, 2015, to regain compliance with the Listing Rule. If at any time during this 180 day period the closing bid price of our common stock is at least $1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days, we will regain compliance with the Listing Rule and NASDAQ will close the matter. The letter has no effect on the listing or trading of our common stock at this time. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). We intend to cure the bid price compliance deficiency by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. The delisting of our common stock and warrants could materially adversely affect our access to the capital markets, and any limitation on liquidity or reduction in the price of our common stock and warrants could materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us or at all. Delisting from The NASDAQ Capital Market could also result in the potential loss of confidence by our business partners and suppliers, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.

We have historically derived a substantial portion of our revenue from our partnership with Innovacyn and based on Innovacyn’s transition to a new partner, we may lose some or all of that revenue, unless we adequately replace Innovacyn with new partners.

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, approximately 8% and 23%, respectively, of our total revenues were derived from our sales agreement with Innovacyn, Inc., our animal health care partner. During the years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded revenue related to these agreements in the amounts of $1,120,000 and $3,100,000, respectively. In April of 2014, Innovacyn notified us that it intended to transition to a new supplier of animal care products. Most of their animal care product was transitioned to the new supplier. As part of our search for new animal healthcare partners, on February 1, 2015, we entered into an agreement with SLA Brands, Inc. pursuant to which SLA will be our exclusive sales representative and distributor of pet specialty and equine products within the United States and Canada for pet and equine specialty retailers, catalogs and distributors. The agreement is effective through February 1, 2016, and will continue year to year until terminated by either party with 60 calendar days’ notice. We can give no assurances that this partnership will be able replace our revenues to the same levels as we had with Innovacyn.

The value of the shares we hold in Ruthigen may fluctuate dramatically, which may affect the value of our assets and could negatively affect our stock price.

Our former wholly-owned subsidiary, Ruthigen, consummated its IPO on March 26, 2014. At the time of the IPO, we held 2,000,000 shares of Ruthigen. Following our sale of 350,000 shares of Ruthigen common stock on March 31, 2015, we held 1,650,000 shares of Ruthigen common stock. On January 8, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase agreement pursuant to which we agreed to sell our remaining 2,000,000 shares in Ruthigen to two accredited investors for an aggregate purchase price of $5,500,000 upon the occurrence of a triggering event during a standstill period of 60 calendar days. The securities purchase agreement lapsed according to its terms. On March 13, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase follow-up agreement under which we reduced the number of Ruthigen shares to be sold to the investors mentioned above to 1,650,000 at a price of $2.75 per share, provided that 50,000 shares may be sold to another investor prior to closing, and extended the expiration date of the standstill period to March 13, 2015. The aggregate purchase price of the sale will be $4,537,500. This sale has been triggered by Ruthigen’s announcement of its merger with Pulmatrix, Inc. on March 13, 2015. The sale is expected to close at the time of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger and prior to August 13, 2015, except that such date may be extended for up to 60 calendar days at our sole discretion. If the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger does not close by August 13, 2015 or the extended date, there will be no obligation to purchase the shares. If we consummate the sale of the Ruthigen shares, we would no longer own any shareholder interest in Ruthigen. However, if the sale of the Ruthigen shares is not completed, we will continue to own the Ruthigen shares, subject to significant existing voting and resale restrictions.

In connection with entering into the securities purchase agreement at a fixed price of $2.75 per share, we determined that the carrying value of the two million shares held in Ruthigen was impaired. As a result, we recorded an impairment loss in the amount of $4,650,000 which represents the difference between cost and aggregate purchase price during the year ended March 31, 2015. Our interest in Ruthigen is currently reported as a long-term asset on our financial statements rather than a consolidated subsidiary. Because we own shares in a public company, the value of this asset may further fluctuate and the value stated in our financial reports may change substantially over time. Given that we no longer control Ruthigen following its IPO, we have very little means to control the value of the asset. If the value of our holdings in Ruthigen decreases or fluctuates further, it may adversely affect the value of our stock price.

The shares we own in Ruthigen are not liquid and we may never be able to realize cash for the value stated in our financials.

According to the terms of our Separation Agreement with Ruthigen entered into in the overall context of Ruthigen’s separation from us, or the Separation, we are unable to transfer any of the Ruthigen shares we own for one year following the IPO of Ruthigen without the written consent of both the Ruthigen’s board of directors and the underwriter who assisted in the IPO. After the one-year lock up expires, we have agreed to additional transfer restrictions that may make it difficult to sell the shares we own in Ruthigen in a timely manner, if at all. Therefore, we may be unable to realize the value of this asset even after the lock up period expires. In addition, our agreement with Pulmatrix dated March 13, 2015 provides that, as of the effective date of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger, certain provisions in the Separation Agreement regarding marketing and stock transfer restrictions, lock-up, registration rights, voting, management, compensation and equity incentive plan, will be terminated.

On January 8, 2015, we agreed to sell our shares in Ruthigen to two investors for an aggregate purchase price of $5,500,000 upon the occurrence of a triggering event during a standstill period of 60 calendar days. The securities purchase agreement lapsed according to its terms. On March 13, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase follow-up agreement under which we reduced the number of Ruthigen shares to be sold to the investors mentioned above to 1,650,000 at a price of $2.75 per share, provided that 50,000 shares may be sold to another investor prior to closing, and extended the expiration date of the standstill period to March 13, 2015. The aggregate purchase price of the sale will be $4,537,500. This sale has been triggered by Ruthigen’s announcement of its merger with Pulmatrix, Inc. on March 13, 2015. The sale is expected to close at the time of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger and prior to August 13, 2015, except that such date may be extended for up to 60 calendar days at our sole discretion. If the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger does not close by August 13, 2015 or the extended date, there will be no obligation to purchase the shares. On March 13, 2015, we also sold 350,000 shares of Ruthigen common stock to other investors at $2.75 per share. In addition, on March 13, 2015, we entered into an agreement with Pulmatrix, Inc., a Delaware corporation that has announced its intention to merge with Ruthigen, under which we would no longer be bound by the lock-up, transfer and other marketing restrictions following the consummation of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger. We received the written consent of Ruthigen’s board of directors and the underwriter who assisted in the IPO for these transactions. If we consummate the sale of the Ruthigen shares, we would no longer own any shareholder interest in Ruthigen. However, if the sale of the Ruthigen shares is not completed, we will continue to own the Ruthigen shares, subject to the lock-up. Furthermore, we can give no assurance that a liquid trading market for Ruthigen shares will develop and be sustained in the future and we may be unable to sell the shares we own in Ruthigen for the amount at which they are valued, if at all. In addition, Ruthigen’s stock price and liquidity may be adversely affected by our minority interest in Ruthigen.

There is no assurance when or if the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger will be completed. A delay or termination in completing the merger may affect our sale of the Ruthigen shares and their value.

On March 13, 2015, Ruthigen, Ruthigen Merger Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of Ruthigen, and Pulmatrix entered into an agreement and plan of merger, or the Merger Agreement, which provides for, among other things, the merger of Pulmatrix with and into Ruthigen Merger Corp., with Pulmatrix continuing as the surviving corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Ruthigen, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. The boards of directors of each of Ruthigen and Pulmatrix have unanimously approved the Merger Agreement and the merger. On January 8, 2015, we agreed to sell our shares in Ruthigen to two investors for an aggregate purchase price of $5,500,000 upon the occurrence of a trigger event during a standstill period of 60 calendar days. The securities purchase agreement lapsed according to its terms. On March 13, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase follow-up agreement under which we reduced the number of Ruthigen shares to be sold to the investors mentioned above to 1,650,000 at a price of $2.75 per share, provided that 50,000 shares may be sold to another investor prior to closing, and extended the expiration date of the standstill period to March 13, 2015. The aggregate purchase price of the sale will be $4,537,500. This sale has been triggered by Ruthigen’s announcement of its merger on March 13, 2015. The sale is expected to close at the time of the Ruthigen merger and prior to August 13, 2015, except that such date may be extended for up to 60 calendar days at our sole discretion. If the Ruthigen merger does not close by August 13, 2015 or the extended date, there will be no obligation to purchase the shares. Completion of the merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of a number of conditions as set forth in the Merger Agreement, such as the approval of the merger by the shareholders of both Ruthigen and Pulmatrix. There can be no assurance that Ruthigen and Pulmatrix will be able to satisfy the closing conditions or that closing conditions beyond their control will be satisfied or waived. If the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger does not close by October 12, 2015, our sale of the Ruthigen shares will not close and we will continue to hold the Ruthigen shares. In addition, if Ruthigen does not proceed with the merger, it is uncertain what effects a termination of the merger would have on Ruthigen’s business and results of operations, and therefore the value of the shares.

We may never receive any royalty or milestone payments as established in our License and Supply Agreement with Ruthigen.

We entered into a license and supply agreement with Ruthigen on May 23, 2013, which was subsequently amended on October 9, 2013, November 6, 2013, January 31, 2014 and March 13, 2015, or the License and Supply Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the License and Supply Agreement, we agreed to an exclusive license of certain of our proprietary technology to Ruthigen in order to enable Ruthigen’s research and development and commercialization of the newly discovered RUT58-60, and any improvements to it, in the United States, Canada, European Union and Japan, referred to as the Territory, for certain invasive procedures in humans as defined in the License and Supply Agreement. On March 13, 2015, we entered into an agreement with Pulmatrix under which we agreed to waive Ruthigen’s obligation to develop and commercialize the Ruthigen products pursuant to the License and Supply Agreement between us and Ruthigen, until the earlier of August 31, 2016 or one year after the effective date of the Pulmatrix-Ruthigen merger. Additionally, we agreed that Ruthigen may assign and/or delegate its rights and obligations under the License and Supply Agreement to a credible third party and sell substantially all of the pre-merger Ruthigen business, including any of our licensed products. We were granted a right of first refusal prior to a sale of the pre-merger business of Ruthigen with a minimum aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million. In the case of such a proposed sale, Ruthigen must first notify us of the pending transaction and we will have five business days after receipt of such notice to notify Ruthigen whether we intend to acquire the pre-merger business of Ruthigen on exactly the same terms, including the amount and kind of consideration, unless securities of the proposed acquirer will be offered as consideration, in which case we will instead pay cash equal to the fair market value of such securities. If we do not exercise our right of first refusal, Ruthigen may consummate the transaction pursuant to the agreed upon terms. Additionally, if such a transaction is consummated and the transaction generates aggregate proceeds in excess of $10.0 million, Ruthigen will be obligated to pay ten percent of the aggregate gross proceeds to us within ten calendar days.

Even if Ruthigen continues to develop and commercialize RUT58-60, Ruthigen may never achieve the milestones established in the License and Supply Agreement or have the funds available to make the milestone payments and thus, we may never receive the milestone payments. If the entity surviving the Ruthigen merger does not develop RUT58-60, or an entity purchasing the rights to develop RUT58-60 does not develop RUT58-60 we may not receive milestone payments.

Our inability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms in the future may cause us to curtail certain operational activities, including regulatory trials, sales and marketing, and international operations, in order to reduce costs and sustain the business, and such inability would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We expect capital outlays and operating expenditures to increase over the next several years as we work to conduct regulatory trials, commercialize our products and expand our infrastructure. We may need to raise additional capital in order to, among other things:

Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to our stockholders will result. Any equity securities issued also may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, and the terms of the debt securities issued could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise additional funds through collaborations or licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. A failure to obtain adequate funds may cause us to curtail certain operational activities, including regulatory trials, sales and marketing, and international operations, in order to reduce costs and sustain our business, and would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

We do not have the necessary regulatory approvals to market Microcyn® as a drug in the United States.

We have obtained ten 510(k) clearances in the United States that permit us to sell Microcyn®-based products as medical devices. However, before we are permitted to sell Microcyn® as a drug in the United States, we must, among other things, successfully complete additional preclinical studies and well-controlled clinical trials, submit a new drug application to the FDA and obtain FDA approval.

The FDA approval process is expensive and uncertain, requires detailed and comprehensive scientific and other data and generally takes several years. Despite the time and expense exerted, approval is never guaranteed. Even if we obtain FDA approval to sell Microcyn® as a drug, we may not be able to successfully commercialize Microcyn® as a drug in the United States and may never recover the substantial costs we have invested in the development of our Microcyn®-based products.

Delays or adverse results in clinical trials could result in increased costs to us and could delay our ability to generate revenue.

Clinical trials can be long and expensive, and the outcome of clinical trials is uncertain and subject to delays. It may take several years to complete clinical trials, if at all, and a product candidate may fail at any stage of the clinical trial process. The length of time required varies substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of the product candidate. Interim results of a preclinical study or clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results, and acceptable results in preclinical studies or early clinical trials may not be repeatable in later subsequent clinical trials. The commencement or completion of any of our clinical trials may be delayed or halted for a variety of reasons, including the following:

We do not know whether future clinical trials will demonstrate safety and efficacy sufficiently to result in additional FDA approvals. While a number of physicians have conducted clinical studies assessing the safety and efficacy of Microcyn® for various indications, the data from these studies are not sufficient to support approval of Microcyn® as a drug in the United States.

Clinical trials involve a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results.

The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of new drugs do not necessarily predict the results of later-stage clinical trials. The design of our clinical trials is based on many assumptions about the expected effects of our product candidates, and if those assumptions are incorrect, the trials may not produce statistically significant results. Preliminary results may not be confirmed upon full analysis of the detailed results of an early clinical trial. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show safety and efficacy sufficient to support intended use claims despite having progressed through initial clinical testing. The data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates may not be sufficient to obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere. Because of the uncertainties associated with drug development and regulatory approval, we cannot determine if or when we will have an approved product for commercialization or achieve sales or profits.

If we fail to obtain, or experience significant delays in obtaining, additional regulatory clearances or approvals to market our current or future products, we may be unable to commercialize these products.

The developing, testing, manufacturing, marketing and selling of medical technology products is subject to extensive regulation by numerous governmental authorities in the United States and other countries. The process of obtaining regulatory clearance and approval of medical technology products is costly and time consuming. Even though their underlying product formulations may be the same or similar, our products are subject to different regulations and approval processes depending upon their intended use.

To obtain regulatory approval of our products as drugs in the United States, we must first show that our products are safe and effective for target indications through preclinical studies consisting of laboratory and animal testing and clinical trials consisting of human testing. The FDA generally clears marketing of a medical device through the 510(k) pre-market clearance process if it is demonstrated the new product has the same intended use and the same or similar technological characteristics as another legally marketed Class II device, such as a device already cleared by the FDA through the 510(k) premarket notification process, and otherwise meets the FDA’s requirements. Product modifications, including labeling the product for a new intended use, may require the submission of a new 510(k) clearance and FDA approval before the modified product can be marketed.

The outcomes of clinical trials are inherently uncertain. In addition, we do not know whether the necessary approvals or clearances will be granted or delayed for future products. The FDA could request additional information, changes to product formulation(s) or clinical testing that could adversely affect the time to market and sale of products as drugs. If we do not obtain the requisite regulatory clearances and approvals, we will be unable to commercialize our products as drugs or devices and may never recover any of the substantial costs we have invested in the development of Microcyn®.

Distribution of our products outside the United States is subject to extensive government regulation. These regulations, including the requirements for approvals or clearance to market; the time required for regulatory review and the sanctions imposed for violations, vary from country to country. We do not know whether we will obtain regulatory approvals in such countries or that we will not be required to incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining these regulatory approvals. In addition, the export by us of certain of our products that have not yet been cleared for domestic commercial distribution may be subject to FDA export restrictions. Failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, the restriction, suspension or revocation of existing approvals or any other failure to comply with regulatory requirements would have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If our products do not gain market acceptance, our business will suffer because we might not be able to fund future operations.

A number of factors may affect the market acceptance of our products or any other products we develop or acquire, including, among others:

Our ability to effectively promote and sell any approved products will also depend on pricing and cost-effectiveness, including our ability to produce a product at a competitive price and our ability to obtain sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement, if any. In addition, our efforts to educate the medical community on the benefits of our product candidates may require significant resources, may be constrained by FDA rules and policies on product promotion, and may never be successful. If our products do not gain market acceptance, we may not be able to fund future operations, including developing, testing and obtaining regulatory approval for new product candidates and expanding our sales and marketing efforts for our approved products, which would cause our business to suffer.

If our competitors develop products similar to Microcyn®, we may need to modify or alter our business strategy, which may delay the achievement of our goals.

Competitors have and may continue to develop products with similar characteristics to Microcyn®. Such similar products marketed by larger competitors can hinder our efforts to penetrate the market. As a result, we may be forced to modify or alter our business and regulatory strategy and sales and marketing plans, as a response to changes in the market, competition and technology limitations, among others. Such modifications may pose additional delays in achieving our goals.

We depend on third parties and intend to continue to license or collaborate with third parties in various potential markets, and events involving these strategic partners or any future collaboration could delay or prevent us from developing or commercializing products.

Our business strategy and our short- and long-term operating results depend in part on our ability to execute on existing strategic collaborations and to license or partner with new strategic partners. We believe collaborations allow us to leverage our resources and technologies and to access markets that are compatible with our own core areas of expertise while avoiding the cost of establishing or maintaining a direct sales force in each market. We may incur significant costs in the use of third parties to identify and assist in establishing relationships with potential collaborators. We currently have a small direct sales force, which sells our products in the tissue care, dermatology, and women’s health markets, and we intend to slowly expand the geographical coverage of our direct sales force.

To penetrate our target markets, we may need to enter into additional collaborative agreements to assist in the development and commercialization of products. For example, depending upon our analysis of the time and expense involved in obtaining FDA approval to sell a product to treat open wounds, we may choose to license our technology to a third party as opposed to pursuing commercialization ourselves. Establishing strategic collaborations is difficult and time-consuming. Potential collaborators may reject collaborations based upon their assessment of our financial, regulatory or intellectual property position and our internal capabilities. Our discussions with potential collaborators may not lead to the establishment of new collaborations on favorable terms and may have the potential to provide collaborators with access to our key intellectual property filings and next generation formations. We have limited control over the amount and timing of resources that our current collaborators or any future collaborators devote to our collaborations or potential products. These collaborators may breach or terminate their agreements with us or otherwise fail to conduct their collaborative activities successfully and in a timely manner. Further, our collaborators may not develop or commercialize products that arise out of our collaborative arrangements or devote sufficient resources to the development, manufacture, marketing or sale of these products. By entering into collaboration, we may preclude opportunities to collaborate with other third parties who do not wish to associate with our existing third party strategic partners. Moreover, in the event of termination of a collaboration agreement, termination negotiations may result in less favorable terms.

If we are unable to expand our direct domestic sales force, we may not be able to successfully sell our products in the United States.

We currently use a direct sales force to sell our products in the tissue care, dermatology, and women’s health markets, while we have established partnerships to commercialize our products in the animal healthcare and dermatology markets. Expanding our sales force is expensive and time consuming, and the lack of qualified sales personnel could delay or limit the success of our product launch in the United States. Our domestic sales force competes with the sales operations of our competitors, which are better funded and more experienced. We may not be able to develop domestic sales capacity on a timely basis, or at all.

Our dependence on a commission-based sales force and distributors for sales could limit or prevent us from selling our products in certain markets.

We currently depend on a commission-based sales force and distributors to sell Microcyn® in the United States, Europe and other countries, and intend to continue to sell our products primarily through a commission-based sales force and distributors in Europe and the United States for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to expand our direct sales force, we will continue to rely on a commission-based sales force and distributors to sell Microcyn®. Our existing commission-based sales force and distribution agreements are generally short-term in duration, and we may need to pursue alternate partners if the other parties to these agreements terminate or elect not to renew their agreements. If we are unable to retain our current commission-based sales force and distributors for any reason, we must replace them with alternate salespeople and distributors experienced in supplying the tissue care market, which could be time-consuming and divert management’s attention from other operational matters. In addition, we will need to attract additional distributors to expand the geographic areas in which we sell Microcyn®. Distributors may not commit the necessary resources to market and sell our products to the level of our expectations, which could harm our ability to generate revenues. In addition, some of our distributors may also sell products that compete with ours. In some countries, regulatory licenses must be held by residents of the country. For example, the regulatory approval for one of our products in India is owned and held by our Indian distributor. If the licenses are not in our name or under our control, we might not have the power to ensure their ongoing effectiveness and use by us. If current or future distributors do not perform adequately, or we are unable to locate distributors in particular geographic areas, we may not realize long-term revenue growth in certain markets.

If we fail to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, or if we experience unanticipated problems with our products, these products could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.

Regulatory approvals or clearances that we currently have and that we may receive in the future are subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the products may be marketed, and any future approvals could contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing follow-up studies. If the FDA determines that our promotional materials or activities constitute promotion of an unapproved use or we otherwise fail to comply with FDA regulations, we may be subject to regulatory enforcement actions, including warning letters, injunctions, seizures, civil fines or criminal penalties. In addition, the manufacturing, labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storing, advertising, promoting, distributing and record-keeping for approved products are subject to extensive regulation. We are subject to continued supervision by European regulatory agencies relating to our CE markings and are required to report any serious adverse incidents to the appropriate authorities. Our manufacturing facilities, processes and specifications are subject to periodic inspection by the FDA, Mexican and other regulatory authorities and from time to time, we may receive notices of deficiencies from these agencies as a result of such inspections. Our failure to continue to meet regulatory standards or to remedy any deficiencies could result in restrictions being imposed on our products or manufacturing processes, fines, suspension or loss of regulatory approvals or clearances, product recalls, termination of distribution, product seizures or the need to invest substantial resources to comply with various existing and new requirements. In the more egregious cases, criminal sanctions, civil penalties, disgorgement of profits or closure of our manufacturing facilities are possible. The subsequent discovery of previously unknown problems with Microcyn®, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, may result in restrictions on the marketing of our products, and could include voluntary or mandatory recall or withdrawal of products from the market.

New government regulations may be enacted and changes in FDA policies and regulations and, their interpretation and enforcement, could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our products. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad. Therefore, we do not know whether we will be able to continue to comply with any regulations or that the costs of such compliance will not have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial condition, and results of operations. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we will not be permitted to market our products and our business would suffer.

We may experience difficulties in manufacturing Microcyn®, which could prevent us from commercializing one or more of our products.

The machines used to manufacture our Microcyn®-based products are complex, use complicated software and must be monitored by highly trained engineers. Slight deviations anywhere in our manufacturing process, including quality control, labeling and packaging, could lead to a failure to meet the specifications required by the FDA, the Environmental Protection Agency, European notified bodies, Mexican regulatory agencies and other foreign regulatory bodies, which may result in lot failures or product recalls. If we are unable to obtain quality internal and external components, mechanical and electrical parts, if our software contains defects or is corrupted, or if we are unable to attract and retain qualified technicians to manufacture our products, our manufacturing output of Microcyn®, or any other product candidate based on our platform that we may develop, could fail to meet required standards, our regulatory approvals could be delayed, denied or revoked, and commercialization of one or more of our Microcyn®-based products may be delayed or foregone. Manufacturing processes that are used to produce the smaller quantities of Microcyn® needed for clinical tests and current commercial sales may not be successfully scaled up to allow production of significant commercial quantities. Any failure to manufacture our products to required standards on a commercial scale could result in reduced revenues, delays in generating revenue and increased costs.

Our competitive position depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary technologies.

Our ability to compete and to achieve and maintain profitability depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technologies. We currently rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, trademarks, trade secret laws, confidentiality agreements, license agreements and invention assignment agreements to protect our intellectual property rights. We also rely upon unpatented know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position. These measures may not be adequate to safeguard our Microcyn® Technology. If we do not protect our rights adequately, third parties could use our technology, and our ability to compete in the market would be reduced.

We also have agreed to certain prohibitions on our intellectual property. Pursuant to the License and Supply Agreement we entered into with our formerly wholly-owned subsidiary, Ruthigen, we agreed to exclusively license certain of our proprietary technology to Ruthigen to enable Ruthigen’s research and development and commercialization of RUT58-60, and any improvements to it, in the United States, Canada, European Union and Japan for certain invasive procedures in human treatment as defined in the License and Supply Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, we are also prohibited from using the licensed proprietary technology to sell products that compete with Ruthigen’s products within the defined territory.

Although we have filed several U.S. and foreign patent applications related to our Microcyn®-based products, the manufacturing technology for making the products, and their uses, only eight U.S. patents have been issued from these applications to date.

Our pending patent applications and any patent applications we may file in the future may not result in issued patents, and we do not know whether any of our in-licensed patents or any additional patents that might ultimately be issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or foreign regulatory body will protect our Microcyn® Technology. Any claims that are issued may not be sufficiently broad to prevent third parties from producing competing substitutes and may be infringed, designed around, or invalidated by third parties. Even issued patents may later be found to be invalid, or may be modified or revoked in proceedings instituted by third parties before various patent offices or in courts. For example, our European patent that was initially issued on May 30, 2007 was revoked by the Opposition Division of the European Patent Office in December 2009 following opposition proceedings instituted by a competitor.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is more uncertain in part because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights, and we will not be able to ensure that:

The policies we use to protect our trade secrets may not be effective in preventing misappropriation of our trade secrets by others. In addition, confidentiality and invention assignment agreements executed by our employees, consultants and advisors may not be enforceable or may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosures.

We operate in the State of California. The laws of California prevent us from imposing a delay before an employee who may have access to trade secret and propriety know-how can commence employment with a competing company. Although we may be able to pursue legal action against competitive companies improperly using our proprietary information, we may not be aware of any use of our trade secrets and proprietary know-how until after significant damages has been done to our Company.

We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent the misappropriation and use of our intellectual property in the United States, or in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.

We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming, costly to defend and could result in our loss of significant rights and, in the case of patent infringement claims, the assessment of treble damages.

On occasion, we may receive notices of claims of infringement, misappropriation or misuse of other parties’ proprietary rights. We may have disputes regarding intellectual property rights with the parties that have licensed those rights to us. We may also initiate claims to defend our intellectual property. Intellectual property litigation, regardless of its outcome, is expensive and time-consuming, and could divert management’s attention from our business and have a material negative effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. In addition, the outcome of such litigation may be unpredictable. If there is a successful claim of infringement against us, we may be required to pay substantial damages, including treble damages if we were to be found to have willfully infringed a third party’s patent, to the party claiming infringement, develop non-infringing technology, stop selling our products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable or commercially practical terms, if at all. Our failure to develop non-infringing technologies or license the proprietary rights on a timely basis could harm our business. In addition, modifying our products to exclude infringing technologies could require us to seek re-approval or clearance from various regulatory bodies for our products, which would be costly and time consuming. Also, we may be unaware of pending patent applications that relate to our technology. Parties making infringement claims on future issued patents may be able to obtain an injunction that would prevent us from selling our products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property, which could harm our business.

Our ability to generate revenue will be diminished if we are unable to obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement from third-party payors of health care costs.

The continuing efforts of governmental and other third-party payors, including managed care organizations such as health maintenance organizations, or HMOs, to contain or reduce costs of health care may affect our future revenue and profitability, and the future revenue and profitability of our potential customers, suppliers and collaborative or license partners and the availability of capital. For example, in certain foreign markets, pricing or profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to government control. In the United States, governmental and private payors have limited the growth of health care costs through price regulation or controls, competitive pricing programs and drug rebate programs. Our ability to commercialize our products successfully will depend in part on the extent to which appropriate coverage and reimbursement levels for the cost of our Microcyn® products and related treatment are obtained from governmental authorities, private health insurers and other organizations, such as HMOs.

There is significant uncertainty concerning third-party coverage and reimbursement of newly approved medical products and drugs. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services. Also, the trend toward managed healthcare in the United States and the concurrent growth of organizations such as HMOs, as well as the recently enacted “Affordable Care Act,” may result in lower prices for or rejection of our products. The cost containment measures that health care payors and providers are instituting and the effect of any healthcare reform could materially and adversely affect our ability to generate revenues.

In both the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the health care system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. In the United States, the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, also called the Medicare Modernization Act, or MMA, changed the way Medicare covers and pays for pharmaceutical products. The legislation expanded Medicare coverage for drug purchases by the elderly and introduced a new reimbursement methodology based on average sales prices for physician-administered drugs. In addition, this legislation provided authority for limiting the number of drugs that will be covered in any therapeutic class. As a result of this legislation and the expansion of federal coverage of drug products, we expect that there will be additional pressure to contain and reduce costs. These cost reduction initiatives and other provisions of this legislation could decrease the coverage and price that we receive for any approved products and could seriously harm our business. While the MMA applies only to drug benefits for Medicare beneficiaries, private payors often follow Medicare coverage policies and payment limitations in setting their own reimbursement rates, and therefore any reduction in reimbursement that results from the MMA may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors.

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the PPACA, became law in the United States. The goal of PPACA is to reduce the cost of health care and substantially change the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursement policies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, the PPACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which could negatively affect market acceptance of our Microcyn® products.

We expect to experience pricing pressures in connection with the sale of our Microcyn® products, due to the trend toward managed health care, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative proposals. If we fail to successfully secure and maintain reimbursement coverage for our products or are significantly delayed in doing so, we will have difficulty achieving market acceptance of our products and our business will be harmed.

We could be required to indemnify third parties for alleged intellectual property infringement, which could cause us to incur significant costs.

Some of our distribution agreements contain commitments to indemnify our distributors against liability arising from infringement of third party intellectual property such as patents. We may be required to indemnify our customers for claims made against them or contribute to license fees they are required to pay. If we are forced to indemnify for claims or to pay license fees, our business and financial condition could be substantially harmed.

A significant part of our business is conducted outside of the United States, exposing us to additional risks that may not exist in the United States, which in turn could cause our business and operating results to suffer.

We have material international operations in Mexico and Europe. During the year ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, approximately 73% and 58% of our total product related revenue respectively were generated from sales outside of the United States. Our business is highly regulated for the use, marketing and manufacturing of our Microcyn®-based products both domestically and internationally. Our international operations are subject to risks, including:

We plan to continue to market and sell our products internationally to respond to customer requirements and market opportunities. We currently have manufacturing facilities in Mexico and the United States. Establishing operations in any foreign country or region presents risks such as those described above as well as risks specific to the particular country or region. In addition, until a payment history is established over time with customers in a new geographic area or region, the likelihood of collecting receivables generated by such operations could be less than our expectations. As a result, there is a greater risk that the reserves set with respect to the collection of such receivables may be inadequate. If our operations in any foreign country are unsuccessful, we could incur significant losses and we may not achieve profitability.

In addition, changes in policies or laws of the United States or foreign governments resulting in, among other things, changes in regulations and the approval process, higher taxation, currency conversion limitations, restrictions on fund transfers or the expropriation of private enterprises, could reduce the anticipated benefits of our international expansion. If we fail to realize the anticipated revenue growth of our future international operations, our business and operating results could suffer.

Our sales in international markets subject us to foreign currency exchange and other risks and costs which could harm our business.

A substantial portion of our revenues are derived from outside the United States; primarily from Mexico and Europe. We anticipate that revenues from international customers will continue to represent a substantial portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Because we generate revenues in foreign currencies, we are subject to the effects of exchange rate fluctuations. The functional currency of our Mexican subsidiary is the Mexican Peso and the functional currency of our Netherlands subsidiary is the Euro. For the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, the financial results of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates during the applicable period. If the U.S. dollar appreciates against the Mexican Peso or the Euro, as applicable, the revenues we recognize from sales by our subsidiaries will be adversely impacted. Foreign exchange gains or losses as a result of exchange rate fluctuations in any given period could harm our operating results and negatively impact our revenues. Additionally, if the effective price of our products were to increase as a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, demand for our products could decline and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on a number of key customers who may not consistently purchase our products in the future and if we lose any one of these customers, our revenues may decline.

Although we have a significant number of customers in each of the geographic markets that we operate in, we rely on certain key customers for a significant portion of our revenues. During the year ended March 31, 2015, More Pharma/Laboratorios Sanfer represented 47%, and Innovacyn represented 8% of our net revenues. During the year ended March 31, 2014, More Pharma represented 38%, and Innovacyn represented 23% of net revenues. In the future, a small number of customers may continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenues in any given period. These customers may not consistently purchase our products at a particular rate over any subsequent period. The loss of any of these customers could adversely affect our revenues.

More Pharma was recently acquired by Laboratorios Sanfer S.A. de C.V. All terms and conditions or our license, exclusive distribution and supply agreement with More Pharma will transfer to Laboratorios Sanfer and will remain in effect. However, we can give no assurance as to the timing or impact the acquisition will have on our operating results. In addition, Innovacyn notified us in April 2014 that it intended to transition to a new supplier for its animal care products. Because of Innovacyn’s failure to perform under the arrangements, we terminated the agreements on December 15, 2014. Most of their animal care product was transitioned to the new supplier. As part of our search for new animal healthcare partners, on February 1, 2015, we entered into an agreement with SLA Brands, Inc. pursuant to which SLA will be our exclusive sales representative and distributor of pet specialty and equine products within the United States and Canada for pet and equine specialty retailers, catalogs and distributors. The agreement is effective through February 1, 2016, and will continue year to year until terminated by either party with 60 calendar days’ notice. Our revenues in animal healthcare have been and will continue to be adversely impacted during this transition period.

Negative economic conditions increase the risk that we could suffer unrecoverable losses on our customers’ accounts receivable which would adversely affect our financial results.

We grant credit to our business customers, which are primarily located in Mexico, Europe and the United States. Collateral is generally not required for trade receivables.  We maintain allowances for potential credit losses. At March 31, 2015, Laboratorios Sanfer, which recently acquired More Pharma, represented 56% and Dyamed represented 14% of our net accounts receivable balance. At March 31, 2014, More Pharma represented 44%, Exeltis represented 15%, and Innovacyn represented 12% of our net accounts receivable balance. While we believe we have a varied customer base and have experienced strong collections in the past, if current economic conditions disproportionately impact any one of our key customers, including reductions in their purchasing commitments to us or their ability to pay their obligations, it could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and liquidity. We have not purchased insurance on our accounts receivable balances.

More Pharma was recently acquired by Laboratorios Sanfer S.A. de C.V. All terms and conditions or our license, exclusive distribution and supply agreement with More Pharma will transfer to Laboratorios Sanfer and will remain in effect. However, we can give no assurance as to the timing or impact the acquisition will have on our operating results. In addition, Quinnova was recently acquired by Everett Laboratories, Inc., now named Exeltis USA, Inc., a part of Chemo Group. On November 13, 2014, we received a letter from Exeltis claiming we are in breach of our terminated Exclusive Sales and Distribution Agreement, as further disclosed in the section Legal Proceedings elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K. We intend to defend this matter vigorously and do not believe an accrual for a potential loss relating to this matter is necessary at this time. We continue to allow Exeltis to sell the Alevicyn gel at this time while we are building our own direct sales force to sell new products, different than those products sold by Exeltis, including a prescription scar product approved by the FDA into the dermatology markets. While we believe this claim is without merit, there can be no assurances provided by us that the outcome of this matter will be favorable to us or will not have a negative impact on our consolidated financial position or results from operations. Exeltis continues to purchase products from us under a new, non-exclusive distribution agreement for sale to their customers under their own brand. In addition, Innovacyn notified us in April 2014 that it intended to transition to a new supplier for its animal care products. Because of Innovacyn’s failure to perform under the arrangements, we terminated the agreements on December 15, 2014. Most of their animal care product was transitioned to the new supplier. As part of our search for new animal healthcare partners, on February 1, 2015, we entered into an agreement with SLA Brands, Inc. pursuant to which SLA will be our exclusive sales representative and distributor of pet specialty and equine products within the United States and Canada for pet and equine specialty retailers, catalogs and distributors. The agreement is effective through February 1, 2016, and will continue year to year until terminated by either party with 60 calendar days’ notice. Our revenues in animal healthcare have been and will continue to be adversely impacted during this transition period.

The loss of key members of our senior management team, any of our directors, or our highly skilled scientists, technicians and salespeople could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends largely on the skills, experience and performance of key members of our executive management team, including Jim Schutz, our Chief Executive Officer, Robert Miller, our Chief Financial Officer, Bruce Thornton, our Executive Vice President of International Operations and Sales, and Robert Northey, our Vice President of Research and Development. The efforts of these people will be critical to us as we continue to develop our products and attempt to commercialize products in the tissue and dermatology markets. If we were to lose one or more of these individuals, we might experience difficulties in competing effectively, developing our technologies and implementing our business strategies.

Our research and development programs depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists and technicians. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified scientists and technicians in the future due to the intense competition for qualified personnel among medical technology businesses, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area. We also face competition from universities and public and private research institutions in recruiting and retaining highly qualified personnel. In addition, our success depends on our ability to attract and retain salespeople with extensive experience in advanced tissue care and dermatology, and who have close relationships with the medical community, including physicians and other medical staff. We may have difficulties locating, recruiting or retaining qualified salespeople, which could cause a delay or decline in the rate of adoption of our products. If we are not able to attract and retain the necessary personnel to accomplish our business objectives, we may experience constraints that will adversely affect our ability to support our research, development and sales programs.

The dermatology, tissue and animal healthcare industries are highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change. If our competitors are better able to develop and market products that are less expensive or more effective than any products that we may develop, our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated.

Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to stay at the forefront of technological change and maintain a competitive position. We compete with large healthcare, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, along with smaller or early-stage companies that have collaborative arrangements with larger pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, pre-clinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing approved products than we do. Our competitors may:

As a result, we may not be able to successfully commercialize any future products.

The success of our research and development efforts may depend on our ability to find suitable collaborators to fully exploit our capabilities. If we are unable to establish collaborations or if these future collaborations are unsuccessful, our research and development efforts may be unsuccessful, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

An important element of our business strategy is to enter into collaborative or license arrangements under which we license our Microcyn® Technology to other parties for development and commercialization. We expect to seek collaborators for our drug candidates and for a number of our potential products because of the expense, effort and expertise required to conduct additional clinical trials and further develop those potential product candidates. Because collaboration arrangements are complex to negotiate, we may not be successful in our attempts to establish these arrangements. If we need third party assistance in identifying and negotiating one or more acceptable arrangements, it might be costly. Also, we may not have products that are desirable to other parties, or we may be unwilling to license a potential product because the party interested in it is a competitor. The terms of any arrangements that we establish may not be favorable to us. Alternatively, potential collaborators may decide against entering into an agreement with us because of our financial, regulatory or intellectual property position or for scientific, commercial or other reasons. If we are not able to establish collaborative agreements, we may not be able to develop and commercialize new products, which would adversely affect our business and our revenues.

In order for any of these collaboration or license arrangements to be successful, we must first identify potential collaborators or licensees whose capabilities complement and integrate well with ours. We may rely on these arrangements for not only financial resources, but also for expertise or economies of scale that we expect to need in the future relating to clinical trials, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and for licenses to technology rights. However, it is likely that we will not be able to control the amount and timing or resources that our collaborators or licensees devote to our programs or potential products. If our collaborators or licensees prove difficult to work with, are less skilled than we originally expected, or do not devote adequate resources to the program, the relationship will not be successful. If a business combination involving a collaborator or licensee and a third party were to occur, the effect could be to diminish, terminate or cause delays in development of a potential product.

If we are unable to comply with broad and complex federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including state and federal anti-kickback laws, we could face substantial penalties and our products could be excluded from government healthcare programs.

We are subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, which include, among other things, “anti-kickback” laws that prohibit payments to induce the referral of products and services, and “false claims” statutes that prohibit the fraudulent billing of federal healthcare programs. Our operations are subject to the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a criminal statute that, subject to certain statutory exceptions, prohibits any person from knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce or reward a person either (i) for referring an individual for the furnishing of items or services for which payment may be made in whole or in part by a government healthcare program such as Medicare or Medicaid, or (ii) for purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for or recommending the purchasing, leasing or ordering of an item or service for which payment may be made under a government healthcare program. Because of the breadth of the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, was authorized to adopt regulations setting forth additional exceptions to the prohibitions of the statute commonly known as “safe harbors.” If all of the elements of an applicable safe harbor are fully satisfied, an arrangement will not be subject to prosecution under the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute.

In addition, if there is a change in law, regulation or administrative or judicial interpretations of these laws, we may have to change our business practices or our existing business practices could be challenged as unlawful, which could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Healthcare fraud and abuse laws are complex, and even minor, inadvertent irregularities can potentially give rise to claims that a statute or regulation has been violated. The frequency of suits to enforce these laws has increased significantly in recent years and has increased the risk that a healthcare company will have to defend a false claim action, pay fines or be excluded from the Medicare, Medicaid or other federal and state healthcare programs as a result of an investigation arising out of such action. We cannot assure you that we will not become subject to such litigation. Any violations of these laws, or any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could harm our reputation, be costly to defend and divert management’s attention from other aspects of our business. Similarly, if the physicians or other providers or entities with which we do business are found to have violated abuse laws, they may be subject to sanctions, which could also have a negative impact on us.

Our efforts to discover and develop potential products may not lead to the discovery, development, commercialization or marketing of actual drug products.

We are currently engaged in a number of different approaches to discover and develop new product applications and product candidates. Discovery and development of potential drug candidates are expensive and time-consuming, and we do not know if our efforts will lead to discovery of any drug candidates that can be successfully developed and marketed. If our efforts do not lead to the discovery of a suitable drug candidate, we may be unable to grow our clinical pipeline or we may be unable to enter into agreements with collaborators who are willing to develop our drug candidates.

We may not be able to maintain sufficient product liability insurance to cover claims against us.

Product liability insurance for the healthcare industry is generally expensive to the extent it is available at all. We may not be able to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms or be able to secure increased coverage if the commercialization of our products progresses, nor can we be sure that existing or future claims against us will be covered by our product liability insurance. Moreover, the existing coverage of our insurance policy or any rights of indemnification and contribution that we may have may not be sufficient to offset existing or future claims. A successful claim against us with respect to uninsured liabilities or in excess of insurance coverage and not subject to any indemnification or contribution could have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If any of our third-party contractors fail to perform their responsibilities to comply with FDA rules and regulations, the manufacture, marketing and sales of our products could be delayed, which could decrease our revenues.

Supplying the market with our Microcyn® Technology products requires us to manage relationships with an increasing number of collaborative partners, suppliers and third-party contractors. As a result, our success depends partially on the success of these third parties in performing their responsibilities to comply with FDA rules and regulations. Although we pre-qualify our contractors and we believe that they are fully capable of performing their contractual obligations, we cannot directly control the adequacy and timeliness of the resources and expertise that they apply to these activities. For example, we and our suppliers are required to comply with the FDA’s quality system regulations, which cover the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, storage and shipping of our products. The FDA enforces the quality system regulation through inspections.

If any of our partners or contractors fail to perform their obligations in an adequate and timely manner, or fail to comply with the FDA’s rules and regulations, including failure to comply with quality systems regulations or a corrective action submitted to the FDA after notification by the FDA of a deficiency is deemed insufficient, then the manufacture, marketing and sales of our products could be delayed. Our products could be detained or seized, the FDA could order a recall, or require our partner to replace or offer refunds for our products. The FDA could also require our partner, and, depending on our agreement with our partner, us, to notify health professionals and others that the products present unreasonable risks of substantial harm to the public health. If any of these events occur, the manufacture, marketing and sales of our products could be delayed which could decrease our revenues.

If we fail to comply with the FDA’s rules and regulations and are subject to an FDA recall as part of an FDA enforcement action, the associated costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Our Company, our products, the manufacturing facilities for our products, the distribution of our products, and our promotion and marketing materials are subject to strict and continual review and periodic inspection by the FDA and other regulatory agencies for compliance with pre-approval and post-approval regulatory requirements.

If we fail to comply with the FDA’s rules and regulations, we could be subject to an enforcement action by the FDA. The FDA could undertake regulatory actions, including seeking a consent decree, recalling or seizing our products, ordering a total or partial shutdown of production, delaying future marketing clearances or approvals, and withdrawing or suspending certain of our current products from the market. A product recall, restriction, or withdrawal could result in substantial and unexpected expenditures, destruction of product inventory, and lost revenues due to the unavailability of one or more of our products for a period of time, which could reduce profitability and cash flow. In addition, a product recall or withdrawal could divert significant management attention and financial resources. If any of our products are subject to an FDA recall, we could incur significant costs and suffer economic losses. Production of our products could be suspended and we could be required to establish inventory reserves to cover estimated inventory losses for all work-in-process and finished goods related to products we, or our third-party contractors, manufacture. A recall of a material amount of our products could have a significant, unfavorable impact on our future gross margins.

If our products fail to comply with FDA and other governmental regulations, or our products are deemed defective, we may be required to recall our products and we could suffer adverse public relations that could adversely impact our sales, operating results, and reputation which would adversely affect our business operations.

We may be exposed to product recalls, including voluntary recalls or withdrawals, and adverse public relations if our products are alleged to cause injury or illness, or if we are alleged to have mislabeled or misbranded our products or otherwise violated governmental regulations. Governmental authorities can also require product recalls or impose restrictions for product design, manufacturing, labeling, clearance, or other issues. For the same reasons, we may also voluntarily elect to recall, restrict the use of a product or withdraw products that we consider below our standards, whether for quality, packaging, appearance or otherwise, in order to protect our brand reputation.

Product recalls, product liability claims, even if unmerited or unsuccessful, or any other events that cause consumers to no longer associate our brand with high quality and safe products may also result in adverse publicity, hurt the value of our brand, harm our reputation among our customers and other healthcare professionals who use or recommend the products, lead to a decline in consumer confidence in and demand for our products, and lead to increased scrutiny by federal and state regulatory agencies of our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our brand, business, performance, prospects, value, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock may be volatile, and the value of your investment could decline significantly.

The trading price for our common stock has been, and we expect it to continue to be, volatile. The price at which our common stock trades depends upon a number of factors, including our historical and anticipated operating results, our financial situation, announcements of new products by us or our competitors, our ability or inability to raise the additional capital we may need and the terms on which we raise it, and general market and economic conditions. Some of these factors are beyond our control. Broad market fluctuations may lower the market price of our common stock and affect the volume of trading in our stock, regardless of our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects. It is impossible to assure you that the market price of our shares of common stock will not fall in the future. 

Our operating results may fluctuate, which could cause our stock price to decrease.

Fluctuations in our operating results may lead to fluctuations, including declines, in our share price. Our operating results and our share price may fluctuate from period to period due to a variety of factors, including:

Variations in the timing of our future revenues and expenses could also cause significant fluctuations in our operating results from period to period and may result in unanticipated earning shortfalls or losses. In addition, The NASDAQ Capital Market, in general, and the market for life sciences companies, in particular, have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies.

Anti-takeover provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and under Delaware law may make it more difficult for stockholders to change our management and may also make a takeover difficult.

Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that limit the ability of stockholders to change our management and may also enable our management to resist a takeover. These provisions include:

We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits “business combinations” between a publicly-held Delaware corporation and an “interested stockholder,” which is generally defined as a stockholder who became a beneficial owner of 15% or more of a Delaware corporation’s voting stock for a three-year period following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder.

These provisions might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control in our management. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors and cause us to take other corporate actions. In addition, the existence of these provisions, together with Delaware law, might hinder or delay an attempted takeover other than through negotiations with our Board of Directors.

We currently have significant “equity overhang” which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities in the future.

We currently have significant “equity overhang.” The possibility that substantial amounts of our common stock may be issued to and then sold by investors, or the perception that such issuances and sales could occur, often called “equity overhang,” could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities in the future. The consummation of the exercise of warrants for common stock would significantly increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of our common stock.

Our stockholders may experience substantial dilution in the value of their investment if we issue additional shares of our capital stock or other securities convertible into common stock.

Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, allows us to issue up to 30,000,000 shares of our common stock and to issue and designate, without stockholder approval, the rights of up to 714,286 shares of preferred stock. In the event we issue additional shares of our capital stock, dilution to our stockholders could result. In addition, if we issue and designate a class of convertible preferred stock, these securities may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. Additionally, if we issue preferred stock, it may convert into common stock at a ratio of 1:1 or greater because our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, allows us to designate a conversion ratio without limitations.

Shares issuable upon the conversion of warrants or the exercise of outstanding options may substantially increase the number of shares available for sale in the public market and depress the price of our common stock.

As of March 31, 2015, we had outstanding warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 7,740,514 shares of our common stock at a weighted average exercise price of approximately $2.50 per share. In addition, as of March 31, 2015, options to purchase an aggregate of 2,876,885 shares of our common stock were outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of approximately $6.96 per share and a weighted average contractual term of 7.82 years. In addition, 1,456,130 shares of our common stock were available on March 31, 2015 for future option grants under our Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, our Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan, and our 2016 Bonus Plan. To the extent any of these warrants or options are exercised and any additional options are granted and exercised, there will be further dilution to stockholders and investors. Until the options and warrants expire, these holders will have an opportunity to profit from any increase in the market price of our common stock without assuming the risks of ownership. Holders of options and warrants may convert or exercise these securities at a time when we could obtain additional capital on terms more favorable than those provided by the options or warrants. The exercise of the options and warrants will dilute the voting interest of the owners of presently outstanding shares by adding a substantial number of additional shares of our common stock.

We have filed several registration statements with the SEC, so that substantially all of the shares of our common stock which are issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants and options may be sold in the public market. The sale of our common stock issued or issuable upon the exercise of the warrants and options described above, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

ITEM 2. Properties

We currently lease the following properties:

As we expand, we may need to establish manufacturing facilities in other countries. We believe that our properties will be adequate to meet our needs for at least the next 12 months.

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

On November 13, 2014, we received a letter from Exeltis USA Dermatology, Inc. formerly known as Quinnova Pharmaceuticals, Inc., claiming that we breached the exclusive sales and distribution agreement with Exeltis. Specifically, Exeltis claimed that the marketing and selling of our Alevicyn gel product violates the terms of the terminated exclusive sales and distribution agreement and demanded we cease and desist from any further marketing or sales. We believe that the marketing and selling of our Alevicyn gel is not in violation of the terminated former exclusive sales and distribution agreement and that the claims made by Exeltis are without merit. Exeltis continues to purchase products from us under a new, non-exclusive distribution agreement for sale to their customers under their own brand. We intend to defend this matter vigorously and do not believe an accrual for a potential loss relating to this matter is necessary at this time. While we believe this claim is without merit, there can be no assurances provided that the outcome of this matter will be favorable to us or will not have a negative impact on our consolidated financial position or results from operations.

On occasion, we may be involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of our business including matters involving proprietary technology. While management believes that such matters are currently insignificant, matters arising in the ordinary course of business for which we are or could become involved in litigation may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of comprehensive loss.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “OCLS” and has been trading since our initial public offering on January 25, 2007. The warrants we issued in connection with our January 2015 offering are traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “OCLSW” since January 21, 2015.

The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock for each quarter during the last two fiscal years, based on the last daily sale in each of the quarters:

Holders

As of June 1, 2015, we had approximately 371 holders of record of our common stock. Holders of record include nominees who may hold shares on behalf of multiple owners.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain all future earnings for the operation of our business and we do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. 

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The information required to be disclosed by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K, “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans,” is incorporated herein by reference. Refer to Item 12 of Part III of this annual report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

We did not issue or sell any unregistered equity securities during the quarter ended March 31, 2015.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

On January 20, 2015, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Maxim Group LLC with respect to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 6,250,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, together with warrants to purchase an aggregate of 4,687,500 shares of our common stock at an exercise price equal to $1.30 per share in an underwritten public offering. The public offering price for each share of common stock together with 0.75 of a warrant was $1.00. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we also granted Maxim Group LLC a 45-day option to purchase an additional 937,500 shares of common stock and/or 703,125 warrants to purchase an additional 703,125 shares of common stock to cover any over-allotments made by the underwriters in the sale and distribution of the shares and warrants. On January 21, 2015, Maxim Group LLC exercised the over-allotment option with respect to 703,125 warrants. The offering, including the partial exercise of the over-allotment option, closed on January 26, 2015. On March 3, 2015, Maxim Group LLC exercised the over-allotment option with respect to 134,500 shares of common stock, which closed on March 6, 2015. The registration statement for the sale of the shares of common stock and warrants sold in the public offering became effective January 20, 2015, under the SEC file number 333-200461.

Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we agreed to pay the underwriters a cash fee equal to 8% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering. We also issued to the underwriters, Maxim Group LLC and Dawson James Securities, Inc., or their respective designees, warrants, or the Representative’s Warrants, to purchase up to a total of 319,224 shares of common stock (5% of the shares of common stock sold including the over-allotment option) at an initial exercise price of $1.10 per share of common stock. The warrants and the Representative’s Warrants have a term of five years. Pursuant to customary FINRA rules, the Representative’s Warrants are subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to which the representative will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate these warrants or the securities underlying these warrants, nor will it engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the warrants or the underlying securities for a period of 180 days from the date of the prospectus relating to the offering. We have registered the shares underlying the warrants and the Representative’s Warrants. We also agreed to pay Maxim Group LLC a non-accountable expense allowance relating to the offering, including without limitation the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of the underwriters’ counsel, up to $100,000, and non-legal expense reimbursements up to $25,000.

The gross proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock and the warrants, including the partial exercise of the over-allotment option was $6,392,000, and net proceeds of $5,444,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. As of March 31, 2015, we have not used any of the proceeds from the offering. We intend to use the net proceeds received from this offering to increase our direct sales force, to develop and launch new products and for general working capital.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases made by us or on our behalf, or by any “affiliated purchaser,” of shares of our common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2015.

ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data

As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Business Overview

We are a specialty device and pharmaceutical company that develops and markets solutions for the treatment of dermatological conditions and advanced tissue care. Our products, which are sold throughout the United States and internationally, have improved patient outcomes for more than five million patients globally by reducing infections, itch, pain, scarring, odor and harmful inflammatory responses. We initially built our business by developing and promoting products via partnerships.

Our key proprietary technology, Microcyn®, is based on electrically charged oxychlorine small molecules designed to target a wide range of pathogens that cause disease. These pathogens include viruses, fungi, spores and bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant  Enterococcus, or VRE, as well as  Clostridium difficile,  or C. diff, a highly contagious bacteria spread by human contact. Several Microcyn® Technology advanced tissue care products are designed to treat infections and enhance healing while reducing the need for antibiotics.

To date, we have obtained eleven clearances from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, that permit us to sell our Microcyn®-based products as medical devices for Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in the United States. However, we do not have the necessary regulatory approvals to market Microcyn® as a drug.

Our clinical trials from around the world suggest that our Microcyn® Technology helps reduce a wide range of pathogens while curing or improving infection. Our clinical studies suggest that our Microcyn® Technology is safe, easy to use and complementary to many existing treatment methods in dermatology and advanced tissue care. These clinical studies and usage of our products in the United States also suggest that our 510(k)-cleared products may shorten hospital stays, lower aggregate patient care costs and, in certain cases, reduce the need for systemic antibiotics.

Outside of the United Sates, we sell our products for dermatological and advanced tissue care with a European Conformity marking (known as Conformité Européenne or CE) covering ten of our products, 14 approvals from the Mexican Ministry of Health, and various approvals in China, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.

In 2013 and 2014, we added new members to our Board of Directors, thus enhancing our expertise in sales, marketing, strategy and dermatology, and we hired new managers to complement our executive team. Our new team commenced a strategic realignment of our business with a sharp focus on dermatology markets. Our decision to focus on dermatology was based on our already strong presence in this market and the ability of our core hypochlorous acid-based technology, Microcyn®, to address other dermatological indications including acne, atopic dermatitis, anti-itch and scar management.

Our plan is to evolve into a leading dermatology and advanced tissue care company, providing innovative and cost-effective solutions to patients, while generating strong, consistent revenue growth and maximizing long-term shareholder value.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to exercise its judgment. We exercise considerable judgment with respect to establishing sound accounting policies and in making estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, our recognition of revenues and expenses, and disclosure of commitments and contingencies at the date of the consolidated financial statements.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments. Areas in which we exercise significant judgment include, but are not necessarily limited to, our valuation of accounts receivable, inventory, income taxes, equity transactions (compensatory and financing) and contingencies. We have also adopted certain polices with respect to our recognition of revenue that we believe are consistent with the guidance provided under Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104.

We base our estimates and judgments on a variety of factors including our historical experience, knowledge of our business and industry, current and expected economic conditions, the attributes of our products, the regulatory environment, and in certain cases, the results of outside appraisals. We periodically re-evaluate our estimates and assumptions with respect to these judgments and modify our approach when circumstances indicate that modifications are necessary.

While we believe that the factors we evaluate provide us with a meaningful basis for establishing and applying sound accounting policies, we cannot guarantee that the results will always be accurate. Since the determination of these estimates requires the exercise of judgment, actual results could differ from such estimates.

A description of significant accounting policies that require us to make estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements is as follows:

Long-Term Investments

Our long-term investments consisted of the shares we own in Ruthigen at March 31, 2015. We carry securities that do not have a readily determinable fair value at cost. During the year ended March 31, 2015, we recorded an impairment loss in the amount of $4,650,000 which represents the difference between cost and the amount we agreed to sell our shares of Ruthigen.

Stock-based Compensation

We account for share-based awards exchanged for employee services based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We estimate the fair value of employee stock awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We amortize the fair value of employee stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards.  Compensation expense includes the impact of an estimate for forfeitures for all stock options.

We account for equity instruments issued to non-employees based on the estimated fair value of the instrument on the measurement date. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying equity instrument vests or becomes non-forfeitable. Non-employee stock-based compensation charges are amortized over the vesting period or as earned.

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable

We generate revenue from sales of our products to hospitals, medical centers, doctors, pharmacies, and distributors. We sell our products directly to third parties and to distributors through various cancelable distribution agreements. We also entered into agreements to license our technology and products.

We also provide regulatory compliance testing and quality assurance services to medical device and pharmaceutical companies.

We record revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability of the sale is reasonably assured.

We require all of our product sales to be supported by evidence of a sale transaction that clearly indicates the selling price to the customer, shipping terms and payment terms. Evidence of an arrangement generally consists of a contract or purchase order approved by the customer. We have ongoing relationships with certain customers from which we customarily accept orders by telephone in lieu of purchase orders.

We recognize revenue at the time in which we receive confirmation that the goods were either tendered at their destination, when shipped “FOB destination,” or transferred to a shipping agent, when shipped “FOB shipping point.” Delivery to the customer is deemed to have occurred when the customer takes title to the product. Generally, title passes to the customer upon shipment, but could occur when the customer receives the product based on the terms of the agreement with the customer.

The selling prices of all goods are fixed, and agreed to with the customer, prior to shipment. Selling prices are generally based on established list prices. We do not customarily permit our customers to return any products for monetary refunds or credit against completed or future sales. We may, from time to time, replace expired goods on a discretionary basis. We record these types of adjustments, when made, as a reduction of revenue. Sales adjustments were insignificant during the years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.

We consistently evaluate the creditworthiness of new customers and monitor the creditworthiness of our existing customers to determine whether events or changes in their financial circumstances would raise doubt as to the collectability of a sale at the time in which a sale is made. Payment terms on sales made in the United States are generally 30 days and internationally, generally range from 30 days to 90 days. In the event a sale is made to a customer under circumstances in which collectability is not reasonably assured, we either require the customer to remit payment prior to shipment or defer recognition of the revenue until payment is received. We maintain a reserve for amounts which may not be collectible due to risk of credit losses.

When we receive letters of credit and the terms of the sale provide for no right of return except to replace defective product, revenue is recognized when the letter of credit becomes effective and the product is shipped.

Product license revenue is generated through agreements with strategic partners for the commercialization of Microcyn® products. The terms of the agreements sometimes include non-refundable upfront fees. We analyze multiple element arrangements to determine whether the elements can be separated. Analysis is performed at the inception of the arrangement and as each product is delivered. If a product or service is not separable, the combined deliverables are accounted for as a single unit of accounting and recognized over the performance obligation period.

Assuming the elements meet the criteria for separation and all other revenue requirements for recognition, the revenue recognition methodology prescribed for each unit of accounting is summarized below:

When appropriate, we defer recognition of non-refundable upfront fees. If we have continuing performance obligations then such up-front fees are deferred and recognized over the period of continuing involvement.

We recognize royalty revenues from licensed products upon the sale of the related products.

Revenue from consulting contracts is recognized as services are provided. Revenue from testing contracts is recognized as tests are completed and a final report is sent to the customer.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, cost being determined on a standard cost basis (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis), or market. Due to changing market conditions, estimated future requirements, age of the inventories on hand and production of new products, we regularly review inventory quantities on hand and record a provision to write down excess and obsolete inventory to its estimated net realizable value.

Income Taxes

We are required to determine the aggregate amount of income tax expense or loss based upon tax statutes in jurisdictions in which we conduct business. In making these estimates, we adjust our results determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for items that are treated differently by the applicable taxing authorities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from these differences are reflected on our balance sheet for temporary differences in loss and credit carryforwards that will reverse in subsequent years. We also establish a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Valuation allowances are based, in part, on predictions that management must make as to our results in future periods. The outcome of events could differ over time which would require that we make changes in our valuation allowance.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include reserves and write-downs related to receivables and inventories, the recoverability of long-lived assets, the valuation allowance related to our deferred tax assets, valuation of equity and derivative instruments, debt discounts, valuation of investments and the estimated amortization periods of upfront product licensing fees received from customers.

Deconsolidation of Ruthigen, Inc.

On March 26, 2014, we deconsolidated our formerly wholly-owned subsidiary Ruthigen in connection with the completion of Ruthigen’s initial public offering of its common stock. As a result of the initial public offering, our ownership interest in Ruthigen decreased to approximately 43%. Ruthigen’s results of operations and cash flows through March 26, 2014 have been included in our consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, has issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-12, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period. This ASU requires that a performance target that affects vesting, and that could be achieved after the requisite service period, be treated as a performance condition. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant date fair value of the award. This update further clarifies that compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Earlier adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard has a material impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

The FASB has issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605 – Revenue Recognition and most industry-specific guidance throughout the Codification. The standard requires that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU is effective on January 1, 2017 (subject to a proposed additional one-year deferral) and should be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASU recognized at the date of initial application. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

The FASB has issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The guidance, which is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, extends the responsibility for performing the going-concern assessment to management and contains guidance on how to perform a going-concern assessment and when going-concern disclosures would be required under U.S. GAAP.  We elected to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2014-15 in connection with the issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB, SEC and/or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014

Revenues

Total revenues increased by $186,000 to $13,854,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015, as compared to $13,668,000 for the year ended March 31, 2014. Total revenues were up 1% from the same period last year, with increases in product revenue for the United States, Europe, Mexico, Middle East and Singapore, which were largely offset by decreases in revenues related to product licensing and royalty fees.

Product revenues in the United States were $1,978,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015, as compared to $1,406,000 for the year ended March 31, 2014. Product revenue increased by $572,000, or 41%, from the same period last year as a result of the launch of our dermatology and animal health care products as well as increases in our advanced wound tissue products. During the second half of the year ended March 31, 2015, we hired a direct sales force focused on dermatology and launched three new dermatology products. Additionally, at the end of the quarter ended March 31, 2015, we launched our animal health care products with our new animal health care partner, SLA Brands.

Product revenue in Mexico for the year ended March 31, 2015 increased by $1,295,000, or 34%, to $5,053,000 when compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in revenue is due to strong growth in sales of our 120ml liquid products. On January 6, 2015, our customer in Mexico, More Pharma, notified us they had been acquired by Laboratorios Sanfer, S.A. de C.V., a Mexican based pharmaceutical company.

Product revenue in Europe and the Rest of the World for the year ended March 31, 2015 increased by $862,000, or 42%, to $2,908,000 as compared to the same period in the prior year, with increases in Europe, Middle East, Singapore, partially offset by a sales decrease in India. The increase in Europe is primarily the result of multiple new advanced wound tissue product line extensions including a gel product, as well as the addition of new European distributors.

The following table shows our product revenues by geographic region:

In the year ended March 31, 2015, product license fees and royalties revenue declined primarily as a result of the termination of our agreement with Innovacyn and a decline in unit volume sold by Exeltis/Quinnova. Additionally, in the year ended March 31, 2014 our agreement with Onset/Precision was terminated.

The following table shows our product license fees and royalties revenue by partner:

Service revenues were $859,000 and $945,000 for the years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, due to a decrease in the number of tests provided by our services business.

Gross Profit

We reported gross profit related to our products of $7,087,000 or 55% of product revenues, during the year ended March 31, 2015, compared to a gross profit of $8,213,000, or 65% of product revenues, for the same period in the prior year. Licensing and royalty revenues are included in our calculation of product revenues and gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. Gross margins declined primarily as a result of the decline in royalties related to Innovacyn.

Research and Development Expense

We reported research and development expense of $1,533,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015, representing a decrease of $1,354,000, or 47%, when compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease is largely due to $1,378,000 of expenses incurred during the year ended March 31, 2014 by our formerly wholly-owned subsidiary Ruthigen, partially offset by an increase of $152,000 incurred during the year ended March 31, 2015 related to stock compensation expense.

We expect our research and development expenses will remain relatively flat over the next year.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $853,000, or 7%, to $12,414,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015, compared to $11,561,000 for the same period in the prior year. The increase for the year ended March 31, 2015 was primarily due to higher sales and marketing expenses in the United States, Mexico and Europe due to the hiring of a direct dermatology sales force and costs related to the launch of three new dermatology products. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1,329,000 related to expenses incurred by our formerly wholly-owned subsidiary Ruthigen in the prior period.

We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to increase over the next several quarters, as we intend to increase our direct sales force and we launch additional products.

Interest Expense and Interest Income

Interest expense decreased by $1,055,000 to $3,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015, when compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease for the year ended March 31, 2015 was related to decreases of $863,000 of non-cash interest expense and $192,000 of cash interest expense incurred, when compared to the same period in the prior year. The cash and non-cash interest during the year ended March 31, 2014 was primarily related to borrowings from Venture Lending & Leasing V, Inc. and Venture Lending & Leasing VI, Inc., or collectively VLL. As of March 16, 2014, the outstanding debt and all interest payments due to VLL were settled in full. Interest income for the year ended March 31, 2015 showed no material change as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Gain due to Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities

In connection with our December 9, 2013 and February 26, 2014 registered direct offerings we issued a series of common stock purchase warrants, which contain cash settlement provisions. During the year ended March 31, 2015, we recorded a decrease in the fair value of our derivative liabilities of $3,164,000, primarily due to a decrease in our common stock price and the decreasing contractual term of the warrants.

Impairment loss on long-term investment

In connection with entering into agreements to sell our Ruthigen shares at a fixed price of $2.75 per share, we determined that the carrying value of the Ruthigen shares is impaired. As a result, during the year ended March 31, 2015, we recorded an impairment loss in the amount of $4,650,000 which represents the difference between cost and aggregate purchase price. We will continue to monitor our investment for potential impairment in future periods, and may determine that partial or full impairment may be necessary.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net of $56,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015, decreased $25,000, or 31%, from $81,000 for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in other expense, net for the year ended March 31, 2015 was primarily related to foreign exchange gains and losses and a decrease in franchise tax expenses.

Net Loss

Net loss for the year ended March 31, 2015 was $8,203,000, an increase of $11,938,000, as compared to net income of $3,735,000 for the same period in the prior year. As discussed above, the increase in net loss is primarily due to the decreases in our gross profit generated, the increase in our selling general and administrative expenses, and the impairment loss recorded in the year ended March 31, 2015 in the amount of $4,650,000 related to our investment in Ruthigen. Additionally, during the year ended March 31, 2014, we recorded a gain in the amount of $11,133,000 related to the accounting treatment of the deconsolidation of the former subsidiary which required us to record our investment in Ruthigen at cost.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We reported a net loss of $8,203,000 and losses from operations of $6,659,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015. At March 31, 2015, our accumulated deficit amounted to $142,213,000. We had working capital of $7,066,000 as of March 31, 2015. In the future, we may raise additional capital from external sources in order to continue the longer term efforts contemplated under our business plan. We expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may need to raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives, to penetrate markets for the sale of our products and continue as a going concern. We cannot provide any assurance that we will raise additional capital. Management believes that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means; however, we have not secured any commitment for new financing at this time nor can we provide any assurance that new financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If the economic climate in the U.S. deteriorates, our ability to raise additional capital could be negatively impacted. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve its cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in our efforts to commercialize our products, which is critical to the realization of our business plan and our future operations. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Sources of Liquidity

As of March 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6,136,000. Since our inception, substantially all of our operations have been financed through sales of equity securities. Other sources of financing that we have used to date include our revenues, as well as various loans.

Since April 1, 2013, substantially all of our operations have been financed through the following transactions:

On January 20, 2015, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Maxim Group LLC with respect to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 6,250,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, together with warrants to purchase an aggregate of 4,687,500 shares of our common stock at an exercise price equal to $1.30 per share in an underwritten public offering. The public offering price for each share of common stock together with 0.75 of a warrant was $1.00. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we also granted Maxim Group LLC a 45-day option to purchase an additional 937,500 shares of common stock and/or 703,125 warrants to purchase an additional 703,125 shares of common stock to cover any over-allotments made by the underwriters in the sale and distribution of the shares and warrants. On January 21, 2015, Maxim Group LLC exercised the over-allotment option with respect to 703,125 warrants. The offering, including the partial exercise of the over-allotment option, closed on January 26, 2015. On March 3, 2015, Maxim Group LLC exercised the over-allotment option with respect to 134,500 shares of common stock, which closed on March 6, 2015. The registration statement for the sale of the shares of common stock and warrants sold in the public offering became effective January 20, 2015, file number 333-200461.

Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we agreed to pay the underwriters a cash fee equal to 8% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering. We also issued to the underwriters, Maxim Group LLC and Dawson James Securities, Inc., or their respective designees, warrants, or the Representative’s Warrants, to purchase up to a total of 319,224 shares of common stock (5% of the shares of common stock sold including the over-allotment option) at an initial exercise price of $1.10 per share of common stock. The warrants and the Representative’s Warrants have a term of five years. Pursuant to customary FINRA rules, the Representative’s Warrants are subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to which the representative will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate these warrants or the securities underlying these warrants, nor will it engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the warrants or the underlying securities for a period of 180 days from the date of the prospectus relating to the offering. We have registered the shares underlying the warrants and the Representative’s Warrants. We also agreed to pay Maxim Group LLC a non-accountable expense allowance relating to the offering, including without limitation the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of the underwriters’ counsel, up to $100,000, and non-legal expense reimbursements up to $25,000.

The gross proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock and the warrants, including the partial exercise of the over-allotment option was $6,392,000, and net proceeds of $5,444,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds received from this offering to increase our direct sales force, to develop and launch new products and for general working capital.

At-the-Market Sales Issuance

On April 2, 2014, we entered into an At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement with MLV & Co. LLC under which we may issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $9,159,000 from time to time through MLV acting as our sales agent. We will pay MLV a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock sold through MLV as agent under the Sales Agreement. As of June 9, 2015, we sold 967,934 shares for gross proceeds of $2,350,000 and net proceeds of $2,220,000 after deducting commissions and other offering expenses.

Ruthigen Investment Securities Purchase Agreements

On January 8, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase agreement in which we agreed to sell our shares in Ruthigen to two accredited investors for an aggregate purchase price of $5,500,000 million upon the occurrence of a trigger event during a standstill period of 60 calendar days. The securities purchase agreement lapsed according to its terms. On March 13, 2015, we entered into a securities purchase follow-up agreement under which we reduced the number of Ruthigen shares to be sold to the investors mentioned above to 1,650,000 at a price of $2.75 per share, provided that 50,000 shares may be sold to another investor prior to closing, and extended the expiration date of the standstill period to March 13, 2015. The aggregate purchase price of the sale will be $4,537,500. This sale has been triggered by Ruthigen’s announcement of its merger on March 13, 2015, as further discussed above. The sale is expected to close at the time of the Ruthigen merger and prior to August 13, 2015, except that such date may be extended for up to 60 calendar days at our sole discretion. If the Ruthigen merger does not close by August 13, 2015 or the extended date, there will be no obligation to purchase the shares. If we sell the 50,000 shares prior to August 13, 2015, as may be extended, we must retain the voting rights for 50,000 shares until and through the closing of the Ruthigen merger. There can be no assurance provided that the Ruthigen merger will close and we will receive the proceeds from the securities purchase agreement.

On March 13, 2015, we also entered into a securities purchase agreement with several investors, under which we sold the remaining 350,000 Ruthigen shares at a purchase price of $2.75 per share, or an aggregate of $962,500 for all of the 350,000 Ruthigen shares. We agreed to retain the voting rights of the 350,000 Ruthigen shares until and through the closing of the Ruthigen merger. If the Ruthigen merger does not close on or prior to September 30, 2015, the shares will become fully tradeable and full voting rights will transfer to the buyers.

Material Trends and Uncertainties

In April of 2014, Innovacyn, our animal health care partner notified us that over the next year Innovacyn will transition to a new supplier of animal care products. Because of Innovacyn’s failure to perform under the arrangements, we terminated the agreements on December 15, 2014. Most of their animal care products was transitioned to our new partner, SLA Brands, Inc. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, approximately 8% of our total revenues were derived from our agreement with Innovacyn. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014, approximately 23% of our total revenues were derived from our agreement with Innovacyn. During the years ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we recorded revenue related to these agreements in the amounts of $1,120,000 and $3,100,000, respectively. Our revenue may be adversely impacted during this transition.

Cash Flows

As of March 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6,136,000, compared to $5,480,000 as of March 31, 2014.

Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended March 31, 2015 was $6,694,000, primarily due to our net loss of $8,203,000, offset by non-cash transactions during the year ended March 31, 2014, including: $4,650,000 of impairment loss related to our investment in Ruthigen; a $3,164,000 gain on the fair value adjustment of our derivative liabilities; and $1,771,000 of stock-based compensation expenses and $1,499,000 of upfront fees amortized related to More Pharma.

Net cash used in operating activities during the year ended March 31, 2014 was $4,890,000, primarily due to our net income of $3,735,000, offset by non-cash transactions during the year ended March 31, 2014, including: $11,133,000 of unrealized gain on the deconsolidation of Ruthigen; a $1,357,000 gain on the fair value adjustment of common stock issued to VLL in connection with the stock purchase agreement dated October 30, 2012; a $1,566,000 loss on the fair value adjustment of our derivative liabilities; $1,451,000 of stock-based compensation expenses; and non-cash interest of $863,000.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $875,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015, consisting of $130,000 related to equipment purchases offset by $963,000 received from the sale of 350,000 of our shares of Ruthigen common stock and $51,000 related to changes in long-term assets. Net cash used in investing activities was $445,000 for the year ended March 31, 2014, consisting of $504,000 related to equipment purchases offset by $59,000 related to changes in long-term assets.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $6,609,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015. During the period ended March 31, 2015, we received net proceeds from the January 26, 2015 underwritten offering of common stock and common stock purchase warrants of $5,444,000 and net proceeds of $1,341,000 from an At the Market Issuance of common stock. The offering proceeds were offset by principal payments on the debt in the amount of $176,000.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,945,000 for the year ended March 31, 2014. During the period ended March 31, 2014, we received net proceeds from the December 9, 2013 registered direct offering of common and preferred stock of $2,002,000 and net proceeds from the February 26, 2014 underwritten offering of common stock of $1,186,000. The offering proceeds were offset by principal payments on outstanding debt in the amount of $1,615,000. We also received $1,295,000 in connection with the exercise of common stock purchase warrants.

Contractual Obligations

As of March 31, 2015, we had contractual obligations as follows (long-term debt amounts include principal payments only:

Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements

We reported a net loss of $8,203,000 for the year ended March 31, 2015. At March 31, 2015, our accumulated deficit amounted to $142,213,000. We had working capital of $7,066,000 as of March 31, 2015.

We may need to raise additional capital from external sources in order to continue the longer term efforts contemplated under our business plan. We expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may need to raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives and to penetrate markets for the sale of our products.

In order for us to potentially commercialize Microcyn® as a drug product in the United States, we must conduct clinical trials, which can be costly. Therefore, commencement of such pivotal clinical trials will be delayed until we find a strategic partner to assist with funding. Without a strategic partner or additional capital, our pivotal clinical trials will be delayed for a period of time that is currently indeterminate.

Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.

ITEM 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc.

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Audit Committee of the

Board of Directors and Shareholders

of Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc. and Subsidiaries, as of March 31, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully discussed in Note 2, the Company has incurred significant net losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

/s/ Marcum LLP

Marcum LLP

New York, NY

June 16, 2015

OCULUS INNOVATIVE SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

OCULUS INNOVATIVE SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

OCULUS INNOVATIVE SCIENCES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Years Ended March 31, 2015 and 2014

(In thousands, except share amounts)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

OCULUS INNOVATIVE SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS